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Background <p>Forests act as carbon sinks and are crucial for mitigating climate change. However, the increasing magnitude, duration, and intensity of fires threaten these ecosystems and their capacity to provide essential services, especially in the Mediterranean region. In this context, forest restoration is essential to reversing ecosystem degradation and preventing the loss of these services. A systematic review of articles on post-fire treatments in the Mediterranean region published between 1991 and 2023 in the Web of Science was conducted to evaluate the most common and effective treatments for enhancing the restoration of forest ecosystems after fires. A total of 515 articles were initially screened for relevance to post-fire treatments, resulting in the selection and evaluation of 108 studies. Ninety percent of the studies focused on natural fires, 75% were conducted in Spain, and 77% were active restorations.</p> Results <p><i>Pinus halepensis</i>, <i>P. pinaster</i>, and <i>P. brutia</i> were the most frequently burned species in the restoration studies analyzed. Most of the restoration efforts focused on promoting species regeneration and protecting soil from erosion, mainly through applying mulch. In fact, 74% of the studies considered restoring the burned area using the same species affected by the fire. The indicators used to evaluate the outcomes of the restoration activity revealed considerable heterogeneity, with nearly three-quarters of the studies focusing on physical and forest stand structure indicators. One of the main research gaps identified was the lack of long-term studies assessing the effectiveness of implemented strategies, as well as the need for more comprehensive approaches integrating both active and passive restoration initiatives. However, the temporal trend of publications related to this subject does not reflect the increase in fires observed in recent years in these areas.</p> Conclusion <p>This review provides insights into post-fire restoration activities in the Mediterranean region over the past three decades and establishes a foundation for future research in other regions.</p>

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Post-fire treatments in Mediterranean forests: a review for enhancing restoration strategies

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月11日

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  • M. Menéndez-Miguélez,
  • I. Cañellas,
  • M. Erdozain,
  • S. de-Miguel,
  • I. Alberdi

摘要

Background

Forests act as carbon sinks and are crucial for mitigating climate change. However, the increasing magnitude, duration, and intensity of fires threaten these ecosystems and their capacity to provide essential services, especially in the Mediterranean region. In this context, forest restoration is essential to reversing ecosystem degradation and preventing the loss of these services. A systematic review of articles on post-fire treatments in the Mediterranean region published between 1991 and 2023 in the Web of Science was conducted to evaluate the most common and effective treatments for enhancing the restoration of forest ecosystems after fires. A total of 515 articles were initially screened for relevance to post-fire treatments, resulting in the selection and evaluation of 108 studies. Ninety percent of the studies focused on natural fires, 75% were conducted in Spain, and 77% were active restorations.

Results

Pinus halepensis, P. pinaster, and P. brutia were the most frequently burned species in the restoration studies analyzed. Most of the restoration efforts focused on promoting species regeneration and protecting soil from erosion, mainly through applying mulch. In fact, 74% of the studies considered restoring the burned area using the same species affected by the fire. The indicators used to evaluate the outcomes of the restoration activity revealed considerable heterogeneity, with nearly three-quarters of the studies focusing on physical and forest stand structure indicators. One of the main research gaps identified was the lack of long-term studies assessing the effectiveness of implemented strategies, as well as the need for more comprehensive approaches integrating both active and passive restoration initiatives. However, the temporal trend of publications related to this subject does not reflect the increase in fires observed in recent years in these areas.

Conclusion

This review provides insights into post-fire restoration activities in the Mediterranean region over the past three decades and establishes a foundation for future research in other regions.