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<p>Cotton fiber provides an exceptional model system for studying plant cell differentiation, elongation, and cell wall biogenesis. Recent advances in genomics, single-cell transcriptomics, genome editing, and multi-omics approaches have dramatically expanded our understanding of the molecular networks governing cotton fiber development. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the transcriptional, hormonal, epigenetic, and metabolic regulation of fiber initiation, elongation, and secondary cell wall (SCW) formation. We highlight the central roles of key transcription factors&#xa0;families—including MYB, HD-ZIP, bHLH, and NAC—in coordinating fiber cell fate determination&#xa0;and morphogenesis. We further discuss how phytohormones such as auxin, gibberellins, brassinosteroids, and strigolactones interact to regulate fiber elongation and SCW deposition. Emerging evidence also indicates that epigenetic mechanisms, including chromatin accessibility and RNA methylation, contribute to the fine-tuning of stage-specific gene expression.&#xa0;Furthermore, we explore how cytoskeletal dynamics and lipid metabolism contribute to polarized cell growth. Finally, we assess the potential of CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene editing for cotton fiber improvement and propose future research directions aimed at bridging knowledge gaps between molecular mechanisms and agronomic traits. Despite these advances, several knowledge gaps remain, including the precise integration of hormonal hierarchies, the functional validation of predicted regulatory modules in polyploid cotton, and the translational feasibility of gene editing for fiber quality improvement under&#xa0;field conditions.</p>

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The molecular and hormonal regulation of cotton fiber development: from single-cell initiation to secondary wall thickening

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月4日

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  • Liu Zhixin,
  • Qin Aizhi,
  • Long Jiani,
  • Fan Xiaoli,
  • Liao Mengyu,
  • Wang Baozhen,
  • Zhang Yinpeng,
  • Kang Wenxuan,
  • Sun Xuwu

摘要

Cotton fiber provides an exceptional model system for studying plant cell differentiation, elongation, and cell wall biogenesis. Recent advances in genomics, single-cell transcriptomics, genome editing, and multi-omics approaches have dramatically expanded our understanding of the molecular networks governing cotton fiber development. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the transcriptional, hormonal, epigenetic, and metabolic regulation of fiber initiation, elongation, and secondary cell wall (SCW) formation. We highlight the central roles of key transcription factors families—including MYB, HD-ZIP, bHLH, and NAC—in coordinating fiber cell fate determination and morphogenesis. We further discuss how phytohormones such as auxin, gibberellins, brassinosteroids, and strigolactones interact to regulate fiber elongation and SCW deposition. Emerging evidence also indicates that epigenetic mechanisms, including chromatin accessibility and RNA methylation, contribute to the fine-tuning of stage-specific gene expression. Furthermore, we explore how cytoskeletal dynamics and lipid metabolism contribute to polarized cell growth. Finally, we assess the potential of CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene editing for cotton fiber improvement and propose future research directions aimed at bridging knowledge gaps between molecular mechanisms and agronomic traits. Despite these advances, several knowledge gaps remain, including the precise integration of hormonal hierarchies, the functional validation of predicted regulatory modules in polyploid cotton, and the translational feasibility of gene editing for fiber quality improvement under field conditions.