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<p>Cardiac defibrillators are critical medical devices designed to restore normal heart rhythm during life-threatening arrhythmias, such as ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the structure, function, and classification of defibrillators, including both implantable and external types. Key components, such as power sources, electrodes, shock delivery mechanisms, and synchronization modes, are discussed in detail. Additionally, the article examines the clinical applications, advantages, limitations, and safety considerations associated with defibrillator use in various healthcare settings. Recent advancements in defibrillator technology and their integration with intelligent monitoring systems are also highlighted. Finally, the review outlines future perspectives and potential innovations aimed at improving patient outcomes and device efficiency. Through this comprehensive narrative review, we summarize the evolution, current challenges, and future directions of cardiac defibrillators summarizes the evolution, current challenges, and future directions of cardiac defibrillators, with emphasis on implantable (ICD, S-ICD), wearable (WCD), and external (AED) systems, and emerging technologies such as leadless, extravascular, and AI-integrated defibrillation.</p>

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Cardiac defibrillators in modern healthcare: a review of functionality, safety, and future directions

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月1日

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  • Moein Mahmoodi

摘要

Cardiac defibrillators are critical medical devices designed to restore normal heart rhythm during life-threatening arrhythmias, such as ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the structure, function, and classification of defibrillators, including both implantable and external types. Key components, such as power sources, electrodes, shock delivery mechanisms, and synchronization modes, are discussed in detail. Additionally, the article examines the clinical applications, advantages, limitations, and safety considerations associated with defibrillator use in various healthcare settings. Recent advancements in defibrillator technology and their integration with intelligent monitoring systems are also highlighted. Finally, the review outlines future perspectives and potential innovations aimed at improving patient outcomes and device efficiency. Through this comprehensive narrative review, we summarize the evolution, current challenges, and future directions of cardiac defibrillators summarizes the evolution, current challenges, and future directions of cardiac defibrillators, with emphasis on implantable (ICD, S-ICD), wearable (WCD), and external (AED) systems, and emerging technologies such as leadless, extravascular, and AI-integrated defibrillation.