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<p>Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder marked by progressive cognitive decline. Despite extensive research, its multifactorial nature continues to challenge the development of effective therapies. Current treatments, including anticholinergic agents and amyloid β–targeted drugs, alleviate symptoms but fail to halt disease progression and often produce side effects. Therefore, novel multi-target strategies are urgently needed. </p><p>Cannabis (<i>Cannabis sativa L.</i>) has long been recognized for its medicinal properties, yet its potential in AD therapy has only recently gained attention. Previous studies have mainly focused on single cannabinoids or endocannabinoid system modulation. In this study, we investigated whole cannabis flower extracts, rich in diverse active compounds, for their ability to inhibit key AD-related enzymes: acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and β-secretase (BACE1), using spectrophotometric assays. Fractionation of one extract further identified components with potent inhibitory activity against both BChE and BACE1. </p><p>Additionally, the extracts were evaluated for their cell-protective potential in PC12 cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and amyloid β (Aβ₁–₄₂), mimicking AD-like oxidative stress conditions. Cannabis extracts showed stronger inhibition of cholinergic enzymes compared to Galantamine, with efficacy depending on extract composition. Importantly, this study is among the first to reveal significant BACE1 inhibition by cannabis extracts. Moreover, the extracts enhanced PC12 cell viability under oxidative stress, indicating cell-protective effects. </p><p>Overall, these findings suggest that multi-component cannabis extracts may interact with several AD-related molecular targets in vitro and may serve as promising leads for further mechanistic and preclinical investigation.</p>

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Cannabis flower extracts as a multi-target agent in Alzheimer’s disease: Inhibition of AChE, BChE, and BACE1 with cell-protective effects in a PC12 cell model

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  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月31日

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  • Asif Shitrit,
  • Ali Khattib,
  • Soliman Khatib

摘要

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder marked by progressive cognitive decline. Despite extensive research, its multifactorial nature continues to challenge the development of effective therapies. Current treatments, including anticholinergic agents and amyloid β–targeted drugs, alleviate symptoms but fail to halt disease progression and often produce side effects. Therefore, novel multi-target strategies are urgently needed.

Cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) has long been recognized for its medicinal properties, yet its potential in AD therapy has only recently gained attention. Previous studies have mainly focused on single cannabinoids or endocannabinoid system modulation. In this study, we investigated whole cannabis flower extracts, rich in diverse active compounds, for their ability to inhibit key AD-related enzymes: acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and β-secretase (BACE1), using spectrophotometric assays. Fractionation of one extract further identified components with potent inhibitory activity against both BChE and BACE1.

Additionally, the extracts were evaluated for their cell-protective potential in PC12 cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and amyloid β (Aβ₁–₄₂), mimicking AD-like oxidative stress conditions. Cannabis extracts showed stronger inhibition of cholinergic enzymes compared to Galantamine, with efficacy depending on extract composition. Importantly, this study is among the first to reveal significant BACE1 inhibition by cannabis extracts. Moreover, the extracts enhanced PC12 cell viability under oxidative stress, indicating cell-protective effects.

Overall, these findings suggest that multi-component cannabis extracts may interact with several AD-related molecular targets in vitro and may serve as promising leads for further mechanistic and preclinical investigation.