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<p>Although lung cancer has the highest incidence and mortality rates in the general population, survival rates have progressively improved over the past 50&#xa0;years. One contributing factor is the identification of actionable biomarkers through routine molecular profiling and immunohistochemistry, which has been linked to improvements in both overall survival and disease-free survival. Major guidelines recommend the use of comprehensive molecular panels that include genes such as EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, ERBB2, MET (exon 14 skipping and amplification), ALK, ROS1, RET, and NTRK1/2/3 fusions, along with PD-L1 immunoexpression, in tissue specimens or liquid biopsy for patients with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer. Additionally, antibody–drug conjugates are emerging as a new therapeutic alternative alongside existing treatments. This review provides an overview of biomarkers currently in routine use and under development, and examines their impact on prognosis.</p>

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A panorama of lung cancer biomarkers

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月10日

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  • Ana Sofia Silva Mesquita,
  • Maire Iumi Maeda,
  • Juliana Cabral Duarte Brandão,
  • Nicolle Cavalcante Gaglionone,
  • Igor Campos da Silva,
  • Milena Perez Mak,
  • Ellen Caroline Toledo do Nascimento

摘要

Although lung cancer has the highest incidence and mortality rates in the general population, survival rates have progressively improved over the past 50 years. One contributing factor is the identification of actionable biomarkers through routine molecular profiling and immunohistochemistry, which has been linked to improvements in both overall survival and disease-free survival. Major guidelines recommend the use of comprehensive molecular panels that include genes such as EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, ERBB2, MET (exon 14 skipping and amplification), ALK, ROS1, RET, and NTRK1/2/3 fusions, along with PD-L1 immunoexpression, in tissue specimens or liquid biopsy for patients with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer. Additionally, antibody–drug conjugates are emerging as a new therapeutic alternative alongside existing treatments. This review provides an overview of biomarkers currently in routine use and under development, and examines their impact on prognosis.