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Background <p>Task complexity and individual characteristics influence cerebral hemodynamics and behavioral performance in motor-cognitive dual tasks (DT). However, the impact of task sequencing (sequential vs. simultaneous) remains unclear. This study used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to examine how different DT sequences affect brain activity and behavior in healthy adults.</p> Methods <p>Twenty-eight right-handed adults (14 men, 14 women, 22.53 ± 3.46 years) completed five treadmill tasks: motor single-task (MST), cognitive single-task (CST), sequential motor-cognitive DT (M-CDT), sequential cognitive-motor DT (C-MDT), and simultaneous DT (CMDT). fNIRS measured oxyhemoglobin (Oxy-Hb) concentrations and functional connectivity (FC) across 10 brain regions. Gait and cognitive performance data were recorded.</p> Results <p>Oxy-Hb was lowest during MST, while C-MDT and CMDT showed higher activation in multiple brain regions. FC was strongest in C-MDT, particularly between cognitive and motor areas. CMDT increased the lower extremity support phase, whereas C-MDT resulted in faster walking speed. No significant differences in cognitive performance were observed across DT conditions (<i>P</i> &gt; 0.05).</p> Conclusion <p>Sequential initiation of cognitive tasks prior to motor tasks may promote more efficient cortical engagement during dual-task performance, supporting the “posture second” hypothesis. Further studies involving larger and more diverse populations and a broader range of tasks are needed to confirm and extend these findings.</p>

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Effect of sequential and simultaneous motor-cognitive dual-task on cerebral hemodynamics and behavioral performance in healthy adults: an fNIRS study

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月9日

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  • Lifeng Tang,
  • Xiaohan Li,
  • Lingling Wu,
  • Lin Ye,
  • Lifeng Zhou,
  • Yuli Huang,
  • Youliang Wen,
  • Min Tang

摘要

Background

Task complexity and individual characteristics influence cerebral hemodynamics and behavioral performance in motor-cognitive dual tasks (DT). However, the impact of task sequencing (sequential vs. simultaneous) remains unclear. This study used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to examine how different DT sequences affect brain activity and behavior in healthy adults.

Methods

Twenty-eight right-handed adults (14 men, 14 women, 22.53 ± 3.46 years) completed five treadmill tasks: motor single-task (MST), cognitive single-task (CST), sequential motor-cognitive DT (M-CDT), sequential cognitive-motor DT (C-MDT), and simultaneous DT (CMDT). fNIRS measured oxyhemoglobin (Oxy-Hb) concentrations and functional connectivity (FC) across 10 brain regions. Gait and cognitive performance data were recorded.

Results

Oxy-Hb was lowest during MST, while C-MDT and CMDT showed higher activation in multiple brain regions. FC was strongest in C-MDT, particularly between cognitive and motor areas. CMDT increased the lower extremity support phase, whereas C-MDT resulted in faster walking speed. No significant differences in cognitive performance were observed across DT conditions (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Sequential initiation of cognitive tasks prior to motor tasks may promote more efficient cortical engagement during dual-task performance, supporting the “posture second” hypothesis. Further studies involving larger and more diverse populations and a broader range of tasks are needed to confirm and extend these findings.