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Background <p>Probiotics are increasingly used in aquaculture to improve growth, enhance immune responses, and reduce antibiotic dependence. This study evaluated the effects of dietary <i>Lactobacillus rhamnosus</i> on growth performance, non-specific immunity, serum biochemical profiles, and disease resistance of striped catfish (<i>Pangasianodon hypophthalmus</i>) against <i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> (ATCC 7966). A 45-day feeding trial was conducted using four groups (control and three probiotic treatments: 1 × 10⁸, 2.5 × 10⁸, and 5 × 10⁸ CFU/g feed), each in triplicate.</p> Results <p>Among the probiotic-fed groups, fish receiving 2.5 × 10⁸ CFU/g (T2) showed the best overall performance, with significantly improved growth and enhanced innate immune responses, including higher nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) activity, lysozyme and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels compared to the control (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Probiotic supplementation also improved serum protein profiles, showing increased total protein, albumin, and globulin levels, and reduced serum glucose, SGPT, and SGOT levels relative to the control. Expression analysis revealed significant modulation of <i>hmgb1</i> across examined tissues (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05), with downregulation during probiotic feeding, whereas bacterial challenge induced upregulation in immune-related organs (kidney and spleen). In addition, probiotic-fed fish exhibited higher survival following <i>A. hydrophila</i> challenge.</p> Conclusion <p>Overall, dietary <i>Lactobacillus rhamnosus</i> at 2.5 × 10⁸ CFU/g feed showed comparatively better performance in enhancing growth, immunocompetence and resistance of <i>P. hypophthalmus</i> against <i>A. hydrophila</i>.</p>

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Lactobacillus rhamnosus boosts immunity and survival in striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) via hmgb1 gene modulation against Aeromonas hydrophila infection

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月30日

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  • A. Testimona,
  • R. Bharathi Rathinam,
  • Arpit Acharya,
  • S. G. Amulya,
  • Gayatri Tripathi

摘要

Background

Probiotics are increasingly used in aquaculture to improve growth, enhance immune responses, and reduce antibiotic dependence. This study evaluated the effects of dietary Lactobacillus rhamnosus on growth performance, non-specific immunity, serum biochemical profiles, and disease resistance of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) against Aeromonas hydrophila (ATCC 7966). A 45-day feeding trial was conducted using four groups (control and three probiotic treatments: 1 × 10⁸, 2.5 × 10⁸, and 5 × 10⁸ CFU/g feed), each in triplicate.

Results

Among the probiotic-fed groups, fish receiving 2.5 × 10⁸ CFU/g (T2) showed the best overall performance, with significantly improved growth and enhanced innate immune responses, including higher nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) activity, lysozyme and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels compared to the control (P < 0.05). Probiotic supplementation also improved serum protein profiles, showing increased total protein, albumin, and globulin levels, and reduced serum glucose, SGPT, and SGOT levels relative to the control. Expression analysis revealed significant modulation of hmgb1 across examined tissues (P < 0.05), with downregulation during probiotic feeding, whereas bacterial challenge induced upregulation in immune-related organs (kidney and spleen). In addition, probiotic-fed fish exhibited higher survival following A. hydrophila challenge.

Conclusion

Overall, dietary Lactobacillus rhamnosus at 2.5 × 10⁸ CFU/g feed showed comparatively better performance in enhancing growth, immunocompetence and resistance of P. hypophthalmus against A. hydrophila.