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Background <p>Golf tourism has recently been introduced to Egypt, and this sport represents a valuable addition to the country’s tourism portfolio, aligning with the growing global demand. The hunting billbug, <i>Sphenophorus venatus</i>, and white grub, <i>Phyllophaga crinita</i>, are considered the most destructive pests to golf courses not only in Egypt but worldwide. This work is regarded as the first record of <i>P. crinita</i> in Egypt. So, many efforts have been carried out to control these pests. In this work, nanopesticides formulations were used against these pests, imidacloprid nanocapsule and chlorfenapyr nanocapsule under laboratory conditions. Three concentrations were used for each nanocapsule. Two stages for each pest were treated: the third- and sixth-instar larvae of <i>S. venatus</i> and the first- and third-instar larvae of <i>P. crinita. </i> </p> Results <p>The results showed that the nanocapsule formulations of both imidacloprid and chlorfenapyr were very effective against <i>S. venatus</i> and <i>P. crinita</i> larvae. The LC50 of imidacloprid and chlorfenapyr nanocapsule against the sixth-instar larvae of <i>S. venatus</i> was 10.3 and 11.8 ppm, respectively, and 8.8 and 9.1 ppm, respectively, against the third-instar larvae. The corresponding results with the third- and first-instar larvae of <i>P. crinita</i> were 11.2 and 17.2 ppm, and 8.7 and 11.6 ppm, respectively. The results also showed imidacloprid nanocapsule was more effective than chlorfenapyr nanocapsule, especially with the first concentration; the percentages of mortality ranged between 91.7 and 96.7% with imidacloprid nanocapsule compared with 75–88.3% with chlorfenapyr nanocapsule.</p> Conclusion <p>This study is the first to report the use of nanotechnology against significant pests on golf courses in Egypt. The results showed that the nanocapsule formulations were very promising in controlling the two serious insect pests of the golf course, <i>S. venatus</i> and <i>P. crinita</i> larvae. These nanocapsule insecticides are targeted to reduce the concentration of pesticides used, reduce soil contamination by traditional pesticide formulation and the cost of application, and increase the efficacy of pesticides against golf course pests.</p>

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Role of imidacloprid and chlorfenapyr nanocapsule in control of hunting billbug, Sphenophorus venatus, and white grub, Phyllophaga crinita, as principal pests of golf courses

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月4日

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  • Mona Ahmed Hussein,
  • Al-Kazafy Hassan Sabry

摘要

Background

Golf tourism has recently been introduced to Egypt, and this sport represents a valuable addition to the country’s tourism portfolio, aligning with the growing global demand. The hunting billbug, Sphenophorus venatus, and white grub, Phyllophaga crinita, are considered the most destructive pests to golf courses not only in Egypt but worldwide. This work is regarded as the first record of P. crinita in Egypt. So, many efforts have been carried out to control these pests. In this work, nanopesticides formulations were used against these pests, imidacloprid nanocapsule and chlorfenapyr nanocapsule under laboratory conditions. Three concentrations were used for each nanocapsule. Two stages for each pest were treated: the third- and sixth-instar larvae of S. venatus and the first- and third-instar larvae of P. crinita.

Results

The results showed that the nanocapsule formulations of both imidacloprid and chlorfenapyr were very effective against S. venatus and P. crinita larvae. The LC50 of imidacloprid and chlorfenapyr nanocapsule against the sixth-instar larvae of S. venatus was 10.3 and 11.8 ppm, respectively, and 8.8 and 9.1 ppm, respectively, against the third-instar larvae. The corresponding results with the third- and first-instar larvae of P. crinita were 11.2 and 17.2 ppm, and 8.7 and 11.6 ppm, respectively. The results also showed imidacloprid nanocapsule was more effective than chlorfenapyr nanocapsule, especially with the first concentration; the percentages of mortality ranged between 91.7 and 96.7% with imidacloprid nanocapsule compared with 75–88.3% with chlorfenapyr nanocapsule.

Conclusion

This study is the first to report the use of nanotechnology against significant pests on golf courses in Egypt. The results showed that the nanocapsule formulations were very promising in controlling the two serious insect pests of the golf course, S. venatus and P. crinita larvae. These nanocapsule insecticides are targeted to reduce the concentration of pesticides used, reduce soil contamination by traditional pesticide formulation and the cost of application, and increase the efficacy of pesticides against golf course pests.