Background <p>Glaucoma and cataract in India are prevalent among middle-aged and older adults. It affects two different areas of the eye. The objectives of the study were to examine the ubiquity of eye illnesses like glaucoma and cataract and to estimate the association of insomnia, diabetes, and background factors with these eye diseases among middle-aged and older adults in India.</p> Method <p>The study was conducted based on the total sample of 30,726, derived from the LASI wave I dataset. The chi-square test of association, along with multiple logistic regression techniques, was applied to find out the association and to estimate the population at a 95% confidence interval.</p> Results <p>Insomnia and diabetes were reported in nearly 34.44% and 18.12% of individuals aged 45&#xa0;years or above respectively. The estimation of the odds ratio measured with a significant p value at 5% affirms a significant likelihood of occurrences of cataract (aOR:1.35; CI: 1.21–1.50) and glaucoma (aOR:1.85; CI:1.50–2.29) like eye diseases simultaneously among those who were suffering from diabetes and insomnia at the same time. The prevalence of cataract and glaucoma increased with growing age. The likelihood of cataract (aOR: 3.98; CI: 3.72–4.26) and glaucoma (aOR: 3.91; CI: 3.66–3.19) was higher among participants in the 60–74 age group than among those in the 45–59 age group.</p> Conclusions <p>Findings indicate that individuals with insomnia and diabetes were more likely to develop cataract and glaucoma. This situation should be a target area for medical practitioners to minimize such undesired circumstances.</p>