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Objective <p>This study aims to determine the prevalence, associated factors, and molecular epidemiology of HBV infection among schoolchildren and household members (HHMs) in Vietnam.</p> Methods <p>A cross-sectional community survey on hepatitis B virus markers among randomly selected schoolchildren was conducted in Nha Trang City, central Vietnam. Then, a follow-up case–control study was conducted as a household contact investigation among HHMs of children who tested HBsAg-positive (cases) and HHMs of grade-matched children (1:3 ratio) who tested HBsAg-negative (controls). HBV markers, risk factors associated with HBsAg-positive, molecular epidemiology of transmission, and genome mutations were investigated.</p> Results <p>A total of 1,210 schoolchildren enrolled, 57.9% received HepB full vaccination, 1.1% HBsAg-positive, and 20.2% anti-HBs-positive were observed. Among household contacts of HBsAg-positive children, a high prevalence of HBsAg positivity was observed (54.5%), whereas the prevalence among household contacts of HBsAg-negative children was substantially lower (2.5%), indicating marked intra-household clustering of HBV infection. HBV-positive schoolchildren and their mothers were predominantly grouped within the same genetic clusters. Genotypes B4 (68.0%) and C1 (32.0%) were detected. No HBV drug resistance mutations were found, but vaccine-escape mutants (VEMs) and occult HBV infection (OBI)-associated mutations in preS/S, as well as other mutations, were observed.</p> Conclusions <p>Schoolchildren had a low HBV-positive rate, and HHMs of HBsAg-positive schoolchildren had a higher rate of HBV infection. Mutations previously associated in the literature with advanced liver disease were identified.</p>

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Molecular epidemiology and factors associated with HBV transmission among schoolchildren and household members in central Vietnam

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月28日

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  • Que Anh Luong,
  • Hien Anh Thi Nguyen,
  • Kim Mai Huynh,
  • Natsuki Ariyoshi,
  • Tien Vu Phan,
  • Lien Thuy Le,
  • Hoang Huy Le,
  • Luong Dinh Nguyen,
  • Trieu Bao Nguyen,
  • Hirono Otomaru,
  • Erik Koehne,
  • Mohammad Monir Shah,
  • Miyuki Tsuruoka,
  • Haruka Abe,
  • Dang Duc Anh,
  • Michiko Toizumi,
  • Hung Do Thai,
  • Lay-Myint Yoshida

摘要

Objective

This study aims to determine the prevalence, associated factors, and molecular epidemiology of HBV infection among schoolchildren and household members (HHMs) in Vietnam.

Methods

A cross-sectional community survey on hepatitis B virus markers among randomly selected schoolchildren was conducted in Nha Trang City, central Vietnam. Then, a follow-up case–control study was conducted as a household contact investigation among HHMs of children who tested HBsAg-positive (cases) and HHMs of grade-matched children (1:3 ratio) who tested HBsAg-negative (controls). HBV markers, risk factors associated with HBsAg-positive, molecular epidemiology of transmission, and genome mutations were investigated.

Results

A total of 1,210 schoolchildren enrolled, 57.9% received HepB full vaccination, 1.1% HBsAg-positive, and 20.2% anti-HBs-positive were observed. Among household contacts of HBsAg-positive children, a high prevalence of HBsAg positivity was observed (54.5%), whereas the prevalence among household contacts of HBsAg-negative children was substantially lower (2.5%), indicating marked intra-household clustering of HBV infection. HBV-positive schoolchildren and their mothers were predominantly grouped within the same genetic clusters. Genotypes B4 (68.0%) and C1 (32.0%) were detected. No HBV drug resistance mutations were found, but vaccine-escape mutants (VEMs) and occult HBV infection (OBI)-associated mutations in preS/S, as well as other mutations, were observed.

Conclusions

Schoolchildren had a low HBV-positive rate, and HHMs of HBsAg-positive schoolchildren had a higher rate of HBV infection. Mutations previously associated in the literature with advanced liver disease were identified.