Background <p>Malaria is one of the most infectious life-threatening vector-borne diseases affected by climate change. Because of the emerging climate change problem, it was thought prudent to identify prevalent mosquito species and find the malaria parasite's presence in field-collected mosquitoes in Odisha.</p> Material and methods <p>The study was undertaken at four villages in the Rourkela, Sundergarh district of Odisha, India, from January 2018 to January 2020, generating entomological and climatic data. Field-collected mosquitoes were processed, and DNA was extracted, followed by multiplex PCR for differentiation of sibling species for <i>Anopheles culicifacies</i> and <i>Anopheles fluviatilis</i> mosquitoes. Enzyme-Linked immunosorbent assay was also performed for detection of circumsporozoite proteins of Plasmodium. Sequencing was performed, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed using the neighbor-joining method.</p> Results <p>For <i>Anopheles culicifacies</i>, 43.25% of mosquitoes belonged to sibling species C, followed by species B, A, and D. Similarly, for <i>Anopheles fluviatilis</i>, sibling species T was found in 57.5%, followed by species U and S. Sibling species were confirmed on the difference in the sequences of conserved regions of the 28S rDNA.</p> Conclusions <p>We can conclude that sibling species C (<i>Anopheles culicifacies</i>) was predominant in Rourkela, and sequencing further confirmed the presence of parasites (<i>Plasmodium vivax</i>) in <i>Anopheles culicifacies</i> as sibling species C.</p>