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Background <p>Middle-aged individuals exhibit early declines in basal antioxidant capacity, yet may remain responsive to nutritional interventions. This pilot study examined whether 14-day garlic extract supplementation modulates salivary antioxidant enzyme responses—superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), and catalase (CAT)—to exhaustive exercise in physically active middle-aged men.</p> Methods <p>Sixteen participants (51.6 ± 4.4 years; BMI 25.8 ± 2.4&#xa0;kg/m<sup>2</sup>) were randomly assigned in a double-blind manner to receive 700&#xa0;mg/day garlic extract or placebo (roasted dextrose). An exhaustive treadmill test was performed before and after supplementation. Saliva samples were collected pre-exercise, immediately post-exercise, and 1&#xa0;h post-exercise. Enzyme activities were expressed in U/mL. Analyses focused on time × condition interactions while accounting for post-supplementation baseline values.</p> Results <p>A significant time × condition interaction was observed only for salivary POX activity (<i>p</i> = 0.003, large effect size). After baseline adjustment, POX responses were greater in the garlic group compared with placebo (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). In contrast, SOD, CAT, and related ratios did not demonstrate significant supplementation-driven interaction effects; observed changes were largely influenced by baseline variability. Furthermore, the time × condition interaction effect did not reach statistical significance for the POX/SOD ratio, SOD/CAT ratio, or salivary flow rate (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05).</p> Conclusion <p>Short-term garlic supplementation was associated with a statistically supported modulation of exercise-induced POX activity, whereas findings for other antioxidant enzymes were exploratory. These results should be interpreted cautiously given the small sample size and multiple outcomes. Larger, adequately powered trials are required to confirm the reproducibility and physiological relevance of these enzyme-specific responses.</p>

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Salivary antioxidant responses to exhaustive aerobic exercise following short-term garlic supplementation: a pilot study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月1日

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  • Alireza Saati Zarei,
  • Ali Elahi,
  • Nadia Abasrashid,
  • Behzad Taati

摘要

Background

Middle-aged individuals exhibit early declines in basal antioxidant capacity, yet may remain responsive to nutritional interventions. This pilot study examined whether 14-day garlic extract supplementation modulates salivary antioxidant enzyme responses—superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), and catalase (CAT)—to exhaustive exercise in physically active middle-aged men.

Methods

Sixteen participants (51.6 ± 4.4 years; BMI 25.8 ± 2.4 kg/m2) were randomly assigned in a double-blind manner to receive 700 mg/day garlic extract or placebo (roasted dextrose). An exhaustive treadmill test was performed before and after supplementation. Saliva samples were collected pre-exercise, immediately post-exercise, and 1 h post-exercise. Enzyme activities were expressed in U/mL. Analyses focused on time × condition interactions while accounting for post-supplementation baseline values.

Results

A significant time × condition interaction was observed only for salivary POX activity (p = 0.003, large effect size). After baseline adjustment, POX responses were greater in the garlic group compared with placebo (p < 0.05). In contrast, SOD, CAT, and related ratios did not demonstrate significant supplementation-driven interaction effects; observed changes were largely influenced by baseline variability. Furthermore, the time × condition interaction effect did not reach statistical significance for the POX/SOD ratio, SOD/CAT ratio, or salivary flow rate (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Short-term garlic supplementation was associated with a statistically supported modulation of exercise-induced POX activity, whereas findings for other antioxidant enzymes were exploratory. These results should be interpreted cautiously given the small sample size and multiple outcomes. Larger, adequately powered trials are required to confirm the reproducibility and physiological relevance of these enzyme-specific responses.