Purpose <p>This review examines the effects and clinical relevance of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) on cardiovascular and muscular health.</p> Methods <p>A structured literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus for studies published between 2020 and 2024, using keywords such as “eicosapentaenoic acid,” “docosahexaenoic acid,” “cardiovascular health,” and “muscle function.”</p> Results <p>Clinical trials and meta-analyses show that omega-3 supplementation reduces triglycerides and total cholesterol, improves endothelial function and blood pressure, and contributes to plaque stabilization through anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Evidence also suggests muscular benefits, including support for protein synthesis, reduced inflammation, enhanced recovery, and mitigation of age-related muscle loss. Synergistic effects have been reported when combined with protein, vitamin D, or plant-derived compounds such as sesame and <i>Nigella sativa</i>.</p> Conclusion <p>n-3 PUFAs may support cardiovascular and muscular health across diverse populations. While evidence is promising, supplementation should be individualized, and further research is needed to establish optimal dosing and long-term safety.</p>