<p>This systematic literature review aggregates current research on agrivoltaics (published between 2015 and mid-2024) with a focus on the integration of the three dimensions of sustainability, namely the environment, economics, and society, with the aid of decision science approaches. In line with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, 66 peer-reviewed articles were examined. The study suggests that agrivoltaic technology improves land-use efficiency, conserves water, and offers socio-economic co-benefits, including enhanced socio-economic acceptability. Nonetheless, the trade-off between the optimal achievement of sustainable photovoltaic and agricultural production has persisted. MCDA methods, including AHP and GIS-based approaches, have been applied to address trade-offs between competing objectives. Nevertheless, there are a few areas where research has not been sufficiently conducted, namely the limited consideration of the socio-ecological implications of agrivoltaics, the lack of sufficient consideration of fairness and justice, and the limited consideration of interdisciplinary approaches to policy innovation and stakeholder governance. This review spotlights potential for alignment between global sustainable objectives through agrivoltaics and calls for more effective modeling of energy–agricultural trade-off conflicts, participatory planning tools, as well as equitable policy innovations for broader adoption and systemic sustainability.</p>