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Background <p>This study updates the average requirement for energy intake (AR-EI) for the Saudi population, thereby addressing outdated references. Previous estimates relied on generalized equations and non-specific data, which often led to overestimations. This study aimed to establish new AR-EI values for Saudi population.</p> Methods <p>The study methodology combined two complementary approaches to estimate energy requirements. For adults, a factorial approach was used, incorporating physical activity levels observed in the Saudi population along with reference values for body weight and height, applied in published Saudi predictive equations for Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR). For infants, children, and adolescents (0–17 years), the study used Total Energy Expenditure (TEE) predictive equations derived from multi-country doubly labeled water (DLW) studies.</p> Results <p>After calculating the requirements across different age groups and sexes, the value representing the average that meets the needs of 50% of the population was identified and adopted as the AR-EI. The AR-EI values ranged from 393&#xa0;kcal/day during the first six months to 778&#xa0;kcal/day by 12 months for male infants, while female infants required 364–748&#xa0;kcal/day. Among children and adolescents, AR-EI values ranged from 912 to 3147&#xa0;kcal/day. For adults, the AR-EI was estimated at 2207&#xa0;kcal/day for men and 1708&#xa0;kcal/day for women under current activity levels. With increased physical activity, these requirements rose to 3153&#xa0;kcal/day for men and 2440&#xa0;kcal/day for women.</p> Conclusions <p>This study identified significant overestimations in previous references owing to the reliance on generalized equations and outdated data. By incorporating Saudi-specific data, these findings provide accurate and practical benchmarks for energy intake. These results serve as a foundation for evidence-based nutritional guidelines, promoting public health and reducing the incidence of diet-related diseases.</p>

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Developing new energy intake reference values for the Saudi population

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月22日

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  • Omar Alhumaidan,
  • Ali Almajwal,
  • Mohammed Alsaif

摘要

Background

This study updates the average requirement for energy intake (AR-EI) for the Saudi population, thereby addressing outdated references. Previous estimates relied on generalized equations and non-specific data, which often led to overestimations. This study aimed to establish new AR-EI values for Saudi population.

Methods

The study methodology combined two complementary approaches to estimate energy requirements. For adults, a factorial approach was used, incorporating physical activity levels observed in the Saudi population along with reference values for body weight and height, applied in published Saudi predictive equations for Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR). For infants, children, and adolescents (0–17 years), the study used Total Energy Expenditure (TEE) predictive equations derived from multi-country doubly labeled water (DLW) studies.

Results

After calculating the requirements across different age groups and sexes, the value representing the average that meets the needs of 50% of the population was identified and adopted as the AR-EI. The AR-EI values ranged from 393 kcal/day during the first six months to 778 kcal/day by 12 months for male infants, while female infants required 364–748 kcal/day. Among children and adolescents, AR-EI values ranged from 912 to 3147 kcal/day. For adults, the AR-EI was estimated at 2207 kcal/day for men and 1708 kcal/day for women under current activity levels. With increased physical activity, these requirements rose to 3153 kcal/day for men and 2440 kcal/day for women.

Conclusions

This study identified significant overestimations in previous references owing to the reliance on generalized equations and outdated data. By incorporating Saudi-specific data, these findings provide accurate and practical benchmarks for energy intake. These results serve as a foundation for evidence-based nutritional guidelines, promoting public health and reducing the incidence of diet-related diseases.