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Background <p>Undernutrition in children under two years is a persistent challenge in Tanzania. This study investigates demographic, maternal, and child-related factors associated with stunting, wasting, and underweight coexistence.</p> Methods <p>Secondary data from 2,158 children aged 0–23 months in the 2022 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey (TDHS) were analyzed. Risk factors assessed included child age, birth weight, size at birth, birth order, and maternal education. Multinomial regression analysis was conducted to determine associations.</p> Results <p>The risk of coexisting undernutrition was significantly higher among children aged 12–17 months (RRR = 8.297, 95% CI = 1.768–38.931, <i>p</i> = 0.007) and 18–23 months (RRR = 12.860, 95% CI = 2.661–62.152, <i>p</i> = 0.001). Protective factors included birth weight &lt; 2,501 g (RRR = 0.211, 95% CI = 0.056–0.783, <i>p</i> = 0.02), average size at birth (RRR = 0.262, 95% CI = 0.076–0.908, <i>p</i> = 0.035), and higher birth order (2nd–4th: RRR = 0.372, <i>p</i> = 0.023; 5th: RRR = 0.340, <i>p</i> = 0.048). Maternal education emerged as a significant risk factor (RRR = 1.327, 95% CI = 1.128–6.841, <i>p</i> = 0.02).</p> Conclusion <p>This study highlights critical risk factors, including maternal education, child age, and birth characteristics, for the coexistence of stunting, wasting, and underweight. Interventions should target the 12–23-month age group and address maternal education to eradicate child malnutrition in Tanzania.</p>

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Cross-sectional analysis of risk factors associated with the coexistence of three undernutrition indicators among children aged 0–23 months in Tanzania

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月9日

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  • Edgar Elirehema Pallangyo,
  • Oliva Joseph Kimaro,
  • Nsajigwa Reuben Mwalupani,
  • George Stephen George,
  • Doris Katana,
  • Amina Suleiman Msengwa

摘要

Background

Undernutrition in children under two years is a persistent challenge in Tanzania. This study investigates demographic, maternal, and child-related factors associated with stunting, wasting, and underweight coexistence.

Methods

Secondary data from 2,158 children aged 0–23 months in the 2022 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey (TDHS) were analyzed. Risk factors assessed included child age, birth weight, size at birth, birth order, and maternal education. Multinomial regression analysis was conducted to determine associations.

Results

The risk of coexisting undernutrition was significantly higher among children aged 12–17 months (RRR = 8.297, 95% CI = 1.768–38.931, p = 0.007) and 18–23 months (RRR = 12.860, 95% CI = 2.661–62.152, p = 0.001). Protective factors included birth weight < 2,501 g (RRR = 0.211, 95% CI = 0.056–0.783, p = 0.02), average size at birth (RRR = 0.262, 95% CI = 0.076–0.908, p = 0.035), and higher birth order (2nd–4th: RRR = 0.372, p = 0.023; 5th: RRR = 0.340, p = 0.048). Maternal education emerged as a significant risk factor (RRR = 1.327, 95% CI = 1.128–6.841, p = 0.02).

Conclusion

This study highlights critical risk factors, including maternal education, child age, and birth characteristics, for the coexistence of stunting, wasting, and underweight. Interventions should target the 12–23-month age group and address maternal education to eradicate child malnutrition in Tanzania.