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<p>This study explores the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using oil palm (<i>Elaeis guineensis</i>) residue as a reducing agent. The synthesis was optimized by analyzing the effects of pH, silver nitrate (AgNO<sub>3</sub>) concentration, and extract-to-AgNO<sub>3</sub> ratios using a Taguchi L9 design. The highest yield theorist (72%) was achieved under the conditions of pH 10, 100 mM AgNO<sub>3</sub> concentration, and a 2:3 extract-to-AgNO<sub>3</sub> ratio. The synthesized Ag-NPs were characterized through UV–Vis (400–450 nm), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR, 1370&#xa0;cm<sup>-1</sup>, attributed to the nitro group), dynamic light scattering (DLS, 10.07&#xa0;nm average particle size with a hydrodynamic diameter (Dh) of 235.82&#xa0;nm in a neutral pH), zeta potential (− 18.33 mV), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Antimicrobial testing against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> revealed antibacterial activity, making these nanoparticles a promising alternative to traditional antibiotics.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Optimization of silver nanoparticles synthesis using Elaeis guineensis Jacq. residue extract and their antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月4日

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  • Jorge Benjamín Diaz-López,
  • Diana De la Cruz-Gumeta,
  • Gabriela Alvarado-Arguello,
  • Oscar Rico-Domínguez,
  • Evelyn Valdez-Rodríguez,
  • Karina Hernández-Ovalle,
  • María Celina Luján-Hidalgo,
  • Rosa Isela Cruz-Rodríguez,
  • Rocío Meza-Gordillo

摘要

This study explores the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) residue as a reducing agent. The synthesis was optimized by analyzing the effects of pH, silver nitrate (AgNO3) concentration, and extract-to-AgNO3 ratios using a Taguchi L9 design. The highest yield theorist (72%) was achieved under the conditions of pH 10, 100 mM AgNO3 concentration, and a 2:3 extract-to-AgNO3 ratio. The synthesized Ag-NPs were characterized through UV–Vis (400–450 nm), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR, 1370 cm-1, attributed to the nitro group), dynamic light scattering (DLS, 10.07 nm average particle size with a hydrodynamic diameter (Dh) of 235.82 nm in a neutral pH), zeta potential (− 18.33 mV), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Antimicrobial testing against Pseudomonas aeruginosa revealed antibacterial activity, making these nanoparticles a promising alternative to traditional antibiotics.

Graphical Abstract