<p>This is a study of skill heterogeneity in technology’s impact on laborers transitioning from physical automation to cognitive automation. The findings indicate that cognitive skills are a crucial determinant of the extent of technological influence. Considering both technological substitution and technological control, high-skilled and low-skilled workers experience limited technological substitution. However, high-skilled workers are not significantly affected by technological control, whereas low-skilled workers are subjected to stronger technological control. A comparison between automation technology and large language models (LLMs) reveals that the former primarily affects the secondary sector, while the latter mainly affects the tertiary industry. Furthermore, LLMs disproportionately influence women, younger demographics, professional skilled laborers, and higher-income groups. In the context of a new technological revolution led by artificial intelligence, analyzing and exploring the impact of technology holds significant theoretical and practical implications.</p>