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Purpose <p>This study uses optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) topographical cluster analysis to localise where vascular changes occur during the isometric hand-grip test (IHGT) in eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD).</p> Methods <p>This prospective study included single eyes from 44 participants with neovascular&#xa0;AMD. Systemic blood pressure (BP) and macular 6 × 6&#xa0;mm OCTA scans were obtained before the IHGT, during the IHGT, and after the IHGT. The main outcome was the change in processed OCTA signal (%), measured within high-density (126 × 126) grids and analysed by topographical clusters across the superficial retina, deep retina, and choriocapillaris. Results were compared against test–retest thresholds to differentiate true IHGT-induced changes from measurement variability.</p> Results <p>The IHGT increased systolic (13.83 [3.28, 24.39] mmHg) and diastolic BP (7.04 [3.57, 10.52] mmHg; <i>P</i> &lt; 0.01). Adjusted for test–retest thresholds, the IHGT increased processed OCTA signal (12.84 [8.49, 26.77] %, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.0001) at nasal clusters in the superficial retina. These changes were moderately correlated with systolic BP increases (Spearman r = 0.43, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.05), but not with diastolic BP. No changes were observed in the deep retina or choriocapillaris. Systemic BP and processed OCTA signal returned to baseline within 30&#xa0;s after IHGT release.</p> Conclusion <p>Hand-squeezing temporarily increases processed OCTA signal in the nasal superficial retina. This response may serve as a valuable marker of vascular function. Consequently, caution is warranted when interpreting OCTA following BP changes, such as those induced by physical activity or medication changes.</p>

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Localising OCTA changes induced by the isometric hand-grip test to the superficial retina in neovascular age-related macular degeneration

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月1日

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  • Matt Trinh,
  • Yoh Ghen Tee,
  • Judy Nam,
  • Simon Chen,
  • Gary Schiller,
  • Jeff Friedrich,
  • David Ng,
  • Angelica Ly,
  • Chris Hodge,
  • Lisa Nivison-Smith

摘要

Purpose

This study uses optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) topographical cluster analysis to localise where vascular changes occur during the isometric hand-grip test (IHGT) in eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Methods

This prospective study included single eyes from 44 participants with neovascular AMD. Systemic blood pressure (BP) and macular 6 × 6 mm OCTA scans were obtained before the IHGT, during the IHGT, and after the IHGT. The main outcome was the change in processed OCTA signal (%), measured within high-density (126 × 126) grids and analysed by topographical clusters across the superficial retina, deep retina, and choriocapillaris. Results were compared against test–retest thresholds to differentiate true IHGT-induced changes from measurement variability.

Results

The IHGT increased systolic (13.83 [3.28, 24.39] mmHg) and diastolic BP (7.04 [3.57, 10.52] mmHg; P < 0.01). Adjusted for test–retest thresholds, the IHGT increased processed OCTA signal (12.84 [8.49, 26.77] %, P < 0.0001) at nasal clusters in the superficial retina. These changes were moderately correlated with systolic BP increases (Spearman r = 0.43, P < 0.05), but not with diastolic BP. No changes were observed in the deep retina or choriocapillaris. Systemic BP and processed OCTA signal returned to baseline within 30 s after IHGT release.

Conclusion

Hand-squeezing temporarily increases processed OCTA signal in the nasal superficial retina. This response may serve as a valuable marker of vascular function. Consequently, caution is warranted when interpreting OCTA following BP changes, such as those induced by physical activity or medication changes.