<p>The latitudinal variations in plasma density parameters (total ion density, i.e. electron density, ion composition, and TEC) during the super geomagnetic storms on 10–11 May and 10–11 October 2024 are investigated in this study. Multiple peaks in the plasma density located at the low- and mid-latitudes on both hemispheres were measured by Swarm and DMSP satellites during these storms. The low-latitude peaks were formed by the plasma fountain processes associated with the equatorial electrodynamics, whereas the mid-latitude density peaks were governed by the sub-auroral phenomena. At the local afternoon sectors, the mid-latitude density peaks were situated around 40°–50° quasi-dipole (QD) latitudes, showing an increase in density of 5–6 times compared to the previous day geomagnetic quiet time values. The total electron content (TEC) obtained from the world-wide Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers was used to understand the temporal and longitudinal variations in the latitudinal distribution of storm-time ionospheric densities. The dynamics and strength of the mid-latitude density peaks showed dependence on local time and phases of the geomagnetic storms. These mid-latitude density peaks were present at geomagnetic conjugate locations. However, the interhemispheric asymmetry in the density was observed at the mid-latitude density peaks during both storms, which could be due to the presence of storm-time strong interhemispheric neutral winds and thereby, differences in O/N₂ values. The southern hemisphere showed a more prominent increase and variations in the plasma density than the northern hemisphere. The mid-latitude density enhancements became localized around 40° QD latitudes at the local midnight sectors after the main phase of the storms. These localized mid-latitude density enhancements persisted for several hours in the recovery phase of the storm. They propagated westward and gradually decreased in intensity over time. The mid-latitude enhanced density had greater zonal extent during the May geomagnetic storm than in October. The variations in the interplanetary magnetic and electric fields could be the factor for such difference. Overall, the similarities and key differences found in the latitudinal distribution of the plasma density parameters across longitudes and time are discussed in the case of these two geomagnetic superstorms.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>