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Background <p>Wrestling is associated with a substantial risk of injury; however, comparative injury epidemiology between Olympic Wrestling (OW) and Beach Wrestling (BW) remains limited, constraining evidence-informed injury-prevention strategies across formats.</p> Methods <p>A prospective comparative epidemiological study was conducted during the 2025 Senior Olympic Wrestling World Championships and the 2025 Beach Wrestling World Series. Only competition-related bout injuries requiring on-site medical assessment or treatment were recorded. Injuries were documented using the United World Wrestling (UWW) standardized injury report form and expressed as incidence rates per 1,000 athlete-exposures (AEs). Injuries were classified by severity, anatomical region, and wrestling format. Between-group comparisons were performed using chi-square tests and independent-samples t-tests (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05).</p> Results <p>A total of 53 competition-related injuries were recorded: 29 in BW (20.0 injuries per 1,000 AEs) and 24 in OW (13.3 injuries per 1,000 AEs). Although BW demonstrated a higher overall injury incidence, all BW injuries were classified as mild or moderate, with no severe or catastrophic cases. In contrast, OW demonstrated a significantly higher proportion of moderate-to-severe injuries compared with BW (75% vs. 14%; χ² = 14.73, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). The head and face were the most commonly affected regions in both formats (38% in BW; 42% in OW). Secondary injury patterns differed, with OW injuries more frequently involving the knee (25%) and shoulder (17%), whereas BW injuries were more evenly distributed across the upper extremities (34.6%). No catastrophic injuries occurred in either format.</p> Conclusions <p>Beach Wrestling demonstrated a more favourable injury-severity profile despite a higher overall injury incidence, whereas Olympic Wrestling was associated with a greater proportion of clinically significant injuries. These findings highlight important format-specific differences in injury patterns and support the need for targeted injury-prevention strategies and continued evaluation of competition rules and environments.</p>

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From mat to sand: a comparative injury surveillance study of Olympic and Beach Wrestling at the 2025 World championships

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月27日

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  • Szabolcs Molnár,
  • Dorsaf Metahni,
  • Saam Falahati,
  • Francisco Lee,
  • Radivoj Filipov,
  • Babak Shadgan

摘要

Background

Wrestling is associated with a substantial risk of injury; however, comparative injury epidemiology between Olympic Wrestling (OW) and Beach Wrestling (BW) remains limited, constraining evidence-informed injury-prevention strategies across formats.

Methods

A prospective comparative epidemiological study was conducted during the 2025 Senior Olympic Wrestling World Championships and the 2025 Beach Wrestling World Series. Only competition-related bout injuries requiring on-site medical assessment or treatment were recorded. Injuries were documented using the United World Wrestling (UWW) standardized injury report form and expressed as incidence rates per 1,000 athlete-exposures (AEs). Injuries were classified by severity, anatomical region, and wrestling format. Between-group comparisons were performed using chi-square tests and independent-samples t-tests (p < 0.05).

Results

A total of 53 competition-related injuries were recorded: 29 in BW (20.0 injuries per 1,000 AEs) and 24 in OW (13.3 injuries per 1,000 AEs). Although BW demonstrated a higher overall injury incidence, all BW injuries were classified as mild or moderate, with no severe or catastrophic cases. In contrast, OW demonstrated a significantly higher proportion of moderate-to-severe injuries compared with BW (75% vs. 14%; χ² = 14.73, p < 0.001). The head and face were the most commonly affected regions in both formats (38% in BW; 42% in OW). Secondary injury patterns differed, with OW injuries more frequently involving the knee (25%) and shoulder (17%), whereas BW injuries were more evenly distributed across the upper extremities (34.6%). No catastrophic injuries occurred in either format.

Conclusions

Beach Wrestling demonstrated a more favourable injury-severity profile despite a higher overall injury incidence, whereas Olympic Wrestling was associated with a greater proportion of clinically significant injuries. These findings highlight important format-specific differences in injury patterns and support the need for targeted injury-prevention strategies and continued evaluation of competition rules and environments.