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<p>Altermagnetism arises from composite real-space and spin-space symmetries, combining zero net magnetization with pronounced momentum-dependent spin splitting. This review highlights the pivotal role of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES)—along with its spin-resolved (SARPES) and circular-dichroism (CD-ARPES) variants, in directly visualizing the nonrelativistic band splitting and spin textures of altermagnets. Within the spin-group framework, we distinguish ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, and altermagnetic orders and elucidate the symmetry origin of spin polarization. We then systematically review representative systems: the debated <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(d\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-wave prototype RuO<sub>2</sub>, layered <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(d\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-wave altermagnets KV<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>2</sub>O and Rb<sub>1−δ</sub> V<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>2</sub>O, and a series of <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(g\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-wave compounds, including MnTe (domain-tunable) and CrSb (topological), together with the noncoplanar antiferromagnet MnTe<sub>2</sub> and other emerging and prospective candidates and platforms. Overall, ARPES has become a key microscope for resolving symmetry-driven spin splitting. Future advances in micro/nano-beam and <i>in-situ</i> spectroscopies, combined with strain and domain engineering, heterostructure design, and the exploration of broader unconventional magnetic states, are expected to drive the joint evolution of altermagnetism and photoemission spectroscopy, paving the way for spintronic and correlated quantum research.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Symmetry-driven spin splitting in altermagnets: an angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy perspective

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月11日

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  • Jiayu Liu,
  • Xun Ma,
  • Xinnuo Zhang,
  • Wenchuan Jing,
  • Zhengtai Liu,
  • Dawei Shen

摘要

Altermagnetism arises from composite real-space and spin-space symmetries, combining zero net magnetization with pronounced momentum-dependent spin splitting. This review highlights the pivotal role of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES)—along with its spin-resolved (SARPES) and circular-dichroism (CD-ARPES) variants, in directly visualizing the nonrelativistic band splitting and spin textures of altermagnets. Within the spin-group framework, we distinguish ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, and altermagnetic orders and elucidate the symmetry origin of spin polarization. We then systematically review representative systems: the debated \(d\) -wave prototype RuO2, layered \(d\) -wave altermagnets KV2Se2O and Rb1−δ V2Te2O, and a series of \(g\) -wave compounds, including MnTe (domain-tunable) and CrSb (topological), together with the noncoplanar antiferromagnet MnTe2 and other emerging and prospective candidates and platforms. Overall, ARPES has become a key microscope for resolving symmetry-driven spin splitting. Future advances in micro/nano-beam and in-situ spectroscopies, combined with strain and domain engineering, heterostructure design, and the exploration of broader unconventional magnetic states, are expected to drive the joint evolution of altermagnetism and photoemission spectroscopy, paving the way for spintronic and correlated quantum research.

Graphical abstract