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<p>Beijing and its surrounding areas (BSA) experienced a record-breaking rainstorm from July 23 to 29, 2025, with the area-averaged accumulated precipitation reaching 210.4&#xa0;mm. Combining high-resolution simulations and Lagrangian trajectory analysis, we demonstrate that sequential tropical cyclones established a relay-like moisture conduit from the Pacific to BSA and maintained the long-lasting event. Moisture budget for rainfall-related particles revealed that terrestrial evaporation over eastern China contributed the most to this event, while the western North Pacific and the Bohai-Yellow Seas acted as key secondary moisture sources. Meanwhile, a concurrent marine heatwave in the Bohai-Yellow Seas (BYS) amplified the event by supplying additional moisture via enhanced evaporation. Sensitivity experiments show that the moisture from the BYS would be suppressed by about 25% without the heatwave, and the area-averaged accumulated rainfall would also be reduced by 22&#xa0;mm (16.2%). Overall, this study highlights compound tropical cyclone-marine heatwave events as unignorable amplifiers of rainfall extremes.</p>

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Marine heatwave in the Bohai-Yellow Seas enhanced the July 2025 rainstorm in Beijing and its surrounding areas

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月25日

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  • Mengzhou Yang,
  • Ning Zhao,
  • Shuya Wang,
  • Shixue Li,
  • Xiaohui Zhou,
  • Yu-Xiang Qiao,
  • Er Lu

摘要

Beijing and its surrounding areas (BSA) experienced a record-breaking rainstorm from July 23 to 29, 2025, with the area-averaged accumulated precipitation reaching 210.4 mm. Combining high-resolution simulations and Lagrangian trajectory analysis, we demonstrate that sequential tropical cyclones established a relay-like moisture conduit from the Pacific to BSA and maintained the long-lasting event. Moisture budget for rainfall-related particles revealed that terrestrial evaporation over eastern China contributed the most to this event, while the western North Pacific and the Bohai-Yellow Seas acted as key secondary moisture sources. Meanwhile, a concurrent marine heatwave in the Bohai-Yellow Seas (BYS) amplified the event by supplying additional moisture via enhanced evaporation. Sensitivity experiments show that the moisture from the BYS would be suppressed by about 25% without the heatwave, and the area-averaged accumulated rainfall would also be reduced by 22 mm (16.2%). Overall, this study highlights compound tropical cyclone-marine heatwave events as unignorable amplifiers of rainfall extremes.