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Background <p>Post-harvest browning in Lanzhou lily scales is a major challenge to quality maintenance and industrial advancement. Traditional preservation methods face challenges of high costs and chemical residues. Hydrogen gas (H₂), as an emerging preservative, offers significant advantages, including environmental friendliness and high efficacy in microbial inhibition. However, the anti-browning mechanism of H₂ remains unclear. </p> Results <p>H₂ fumigation was found to effectively delay the decline in firmness and reduce fresh weight loss in lily scales, with the most significant browning inhibition observed on day 6. In addition, H₂ fumigation increased the content of soluble sugars and soluble proteins while decreasing the content of total phenols. Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses demonstrate that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differential metabolites (DAMs) were significantly enriched in pathways related to enzymatic and non-enzymatic browning. The qRT-PCR reveals that under H<sub>2</sub> fumigation significantly inhibited the expression of phenylpropanoid synthesis pathway-related genes <i>4CL</i>, <i>CYP73A</i>, <i>HCT01</i>, and <i>REF1</i>, but significantly induce <i>C3'H</i> and <i>HCT02</i> expression, leading to the change of cinnamic acid, <i>p</i>-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid and ferulic acid level. In non-enzymatic browning, H<sub>2</sub> fumigate decreased aspartic acid (ASP) level and increased phenylalanine (Phe), tyrosine (Tyr), alanine and glutamic acid (Glu) level by up-regulating the expression levels of amino acid biosynthesis-related genes <i>TYRAAT</i>, <i>ADT</i>, <i>GPT</i> and down-regulating the expression of <i>ASP5</i> to alleviate browning. H<sub>2</sub> fumigate also induce the expression level of <i>bglX</i>, <i>malQ</i>, <i>SUS</i> and inhibit the expression level of <i>ISA</i>, thus increasing sucrose, glucose, and starch content and decreasing fructose content.</p> Conclusions <p>Overall, H<sub>2</sub> could mitigate browning of Lanzhou lily scales by regulating some polyphenol-, amino acid- and sugar-related genes and metabolites.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Identification of key genes and metabolites for hydrogen gas-alleviated browning in Lanzhou lily scale

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月1日

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  • Xuejuan Pan,
  • Chen Liang,
  • Hongsheng Zhang,
  • Xuemei Hou,
  • Tong Wang,
  • Zhuohui Zhang,
  • Chunlei Wang,
  • Weibiao Liao

摘要

Background

Post-harvest browning in Lanzhou lily scales is a major challenge to quality maintenance and industrial advancement. Traditional preservation methods face challenges of high costs and chemical residues. Hydrogen gas (H₂), as an emerging preservative, offers significant advantages, including environmental friendliness and high efficacy in microbial inhibition. However, the anti-browning mechanism of H₂ remains unclear.

Results

H₂ fumigation was found to effectively delay the decline in firmness and reduce fresh weight loss in lily scales, with the most significant browning inhibition observed on day 6. In addition, H₂ fumigation increased the content of soluble sugars and soluble proteins while decreasing the content of total phenols. Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses demonstrate that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differential metabolites (DAMs) were significantly enriched in pathways related to enzymatic and non-enzymatic browning. The qRT-PCR reveals that under H2 fumigation significantly inhibited the expression of phenylpropanoid synthesis pathway-related genes 4CL, CYP73A, HCT01, and REF1, but significantly induce C3'H and HCT02 expression, leading to the change of cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid and ferulic acid level. In non-enzymatic browning, H2 fumigate decreased aspartic acid (ASP) level and increased phenylalanine (Phe), tyrosine (Tyr), alanine and glutamic acid (Glu) level by up-regulating the expression levels of amino acid biosynthesis-related genes TYRAAT, ADT, GPT and down-regulating the expression of ASP5 to alleviate browning. H2 fumigate also induce the expression level of bglX, malQ, SUS and inhibit the expression level of ISA, thus increasing sucrose, glucose, and starch content and decreasing fructose content.

Conclusions

Overall, H2 could mitigate browning of Lanzhou lily scales by regulating some polyphenol-, amino acid- and sugar-related genes and metabolites.

Graphical abstract