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Background <p>Sleep is associated with psychological factors such as cognition, and negative sleep cognition is related to dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes. Tool is needed to understand sleep-related to cognition to prevent insomnia. The Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep-16 (DBAS-16) scale had not been previously translated into Indonesian, and the construct validity had not been tested among Indonesian adolescents. The present study translated the DBAS-16 scale into Indonesian and assessed the construct validity of the Indonesian version of the DBAS-16 scale.</p> Method <p>This study employed a cross-sectional and correlational design through a self-reported questionnaire. Data were collected from 1191 adolescents, aged between 13 and 18 in Indonesia. In this study, validity evidence based on test content was obtained through forward translation, expert review, back-translation, and pretesting procedures. For validity evidence based on internal structure, Exploratory Factor Analysis was used to assess factor structure and Confirmatory Factor Analysis was conducted to evaluate the structural model fit of the original DBAS-16 scale and the Indonesian version of the DBAS-16 scale. Validity evidence based on relations to other variables was evaluated by examining the association between DBAS-16 scale scores and depressive symptoms measured using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). The Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients were measured to examine the internal consistency reliability.</p> Results <p>The Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin value was 0.893, and the Bartlett's test of sphericity was statistically significant and adequate for Exploratory Factor Analysis. Confirmatory Factor Analysis tested the second-order model with three first-order factors and showed good model fit. The total score of DBAS-16 scale was significantly correlated with the total score of BDI II (r = 0.165, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega of the Indonesian version of the DBAS-16 scale was 0.83.</p> Conclusions <p>The Indonesian version of the Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep-16 (DBAS-16) scale supported validity and reliability for evaluating sleep-related cognition in Indonesia. This implies that is an appropriate tool for cognition of sleep screening among Indonesian adolescents.</p>

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Sleep cognition among adolescents: adaptation of the dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep-16 (DBAS-16) scale in Indonesian

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月3日

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  • Anggi Setyowati,
  • Henny Dwi Susanti,
  • Min-Huey Chung

摘要

Background

Sleep is associated with psychological factors such as cognition, and negative sleep cognition is related to dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes. Tool is needed to understand sleep-related to cognition to prevent insomnia. The Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep-16 (DBAS-16) scale had not been previously translated into Indonesian, and the construct validity had not been tested among Indonesian adolescents. The present study translated the DBAS-16 scale into Indonesian and assessed the construct validity of the Indonesian version of the DBAS-16 scale.

Method

This study employed a cross-sectional and correlational design through a self-reported questionnaire. Data were collected from 1191 adolescents, aged between 13 and 18 in Indonesia. In this study, validity evidence based on test content was obtained through forward translation, expert review, back-translation, and pretesting procedures. For validity evidence based on internal structure, Exploratory Factor Analysis was used to assess factor structure and Confirmatory Factor Analysis was conducted to evaluate the structural model fit of the original DBAS-16 scale and the Indonesian version of the DBAS-16 scale. Validity evidence based on relations to other variables was evaluated by examining the association between DBAS-16 scale scores and depressive symptoms measured using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). The Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients were measured to examine the internal consistency reliability.

Results

The Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin value was 0.893, and the Bartlett's test of sphericity was statistically significant and adequate for Exploratory Factor Analysis. Confirmatory Factor Analysis tested the second-order model with three first-order factors and showed good model fit. The total score of DBAS-16 scale was significantly correlated with the total score of BDI II (r = 0.165, p < 0.05). The Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega of the Indonesian version of the DBAS-16 scale was 0.83.

Conclusions

The Indonesian version of the Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep-16 (DBAS-16) scale supported validity and reliability for evaluating sleep-related cognition in Indonesia. This implies that is an appropriate tool for cognition of sleep screening among Indonesian adolescents.