Background <p>The rapid rise of short video platforms has raised growing concerns about problematic short video use (PSVU). However, most existing research has adopted variable-centered approaches, with limited attention to potential heterogeneity among users with different levels of PSVU. In addition, little is known about how psychological correlates vary across PSVU risk profiles.</p> Methods <p>To address this gap, the present study employed latent profile analysis (LPA) and network analysis to identify PSVU risk profiles, characterize their psychological features, and explore associations among relevant psychological factors. A total of 1891 participants completed self-report measures assessing short video use patterns and related psychological variables.</p> Results <p>Three PSVU risk profiles were identified: adaptive users, vulnerable users, and problematic users. These profiles differed in short video use patterns and psychological characteristics. Network analyses further indicated differences in network structure across profiles. Motivational factors exhibited relatively high centrality, particularly among higher-risk profiles. The observed associations among emotional distress, personality traits, motivational factors, and behavioral indicators were summarized within an Emotion–Personality–Motivation–Behavior network perspective.</p> Conclusions <p>The findings provide an exploratory person-centered perspective on PSVU heterogeneity and suggest that the psychological correlates of PSVU vary across risk profiles. More broadly, the results may help inform future longitudinal research and support the development of more tailored approaches for identifying and addressing PSVU.</p>