Background <p>Self-esteem, a key indicator of psychological well-being, is shaped by both individual and contextual factors, including self-control and attitudes toward religion. However, its specific interplay within religious cultural contexts, such as that of Peru, remains underexplored.</p> Objective <p>To determine the predictive role of self-control and attitudes toward religion on self-esteem in a sample of Peruvian Seventh-day Adventist Christians, and to examine potential mean differences across sociodemographic variables including sex, age, marital status, and educational level.</p> Method <p>This was a cross-sectional study with a sample of 297 members of the SDA, selected through non-probabilistic purposive sampling. The instruments used included the Attitudes Toward Religion Scale, the Brief Self-Control Scale, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Data were collected through online questionnaires administered via Google Forms, and the analysis was conducted using multiple statistical models.</p> Results <p>The results indicated significant differences in attitudes toward religion, self-control, and self-esteem based on marital status and age (<i>p</i> &lt; .05). In addition, positive and significant correlations were observed between attitude toward religion and self-esteem (<i>p</i> &lt; .001, CI [0.258, 0.456]), as well as between self-control and self-esteem (<i>p</i> &lt; .001, CI [0.346, 0.530]). Finally, self-control (β = 0.360, <i>p</i> &lt; .001, CI [0.254, 0.467]) and attitude toward religion (β = 0.236, <i>p</i> &lt; .001, CI [0.130, 0.342]) were significant predictors of self-esteem, accounting for 23.9% of its variance.</p> Conclusion <p>These results have important implications for promoting psychological well-being in religious contexts and highlight the need to develop intervention strategies that enhance self-control and recognize religious practices as valuable resources for improving self-esteem.</p>