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Background <p>Macroalgae belonging to the genus <i>Asparagopsis</i> have shown to reduce methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) production during rumen fermentation, while increasing feed efficiency when added to the feed of cattle. However, little is known about how the rumen microbiome responds to <i>Asparagopsis</i> supplementation, and how changes in the microbiome may contribute to changes in rumen function and host phenotype. Here, we generated and analyzed metagenomic and metatranscriptomic data from the rumen microbiome from cows receiving (treatment) and not receiving (control) an <i>Asparagopsis armata</i> supplemented diet.</p> Results <p>Using a combination of metatranscriptome and metagenome analysis, we found that reduction of CH<sub>4</sub> emission from animals receiving <i>A</i>.<i> armata</i> was coupled to a significant reduction in the transcription of methanogenesis pathways. Additionally, a significant decrease in the transcription of genes for carbon catabolism and a reorganization of carbon catabolic gene expression occurred at the species level within the rumen microbiome of animals that received red seaweed with their diet. Increased H<sub>2</sub> production, a consequence of methanogenesis suppression, was coupled to a significant increase in the transcription of hydrogenases that mediate hydrogenotrophic metabolism in the treatment group. Metatranscriptome analysis identified a single metagenome assembled genome (MAG) of a <i>Duodenibacillus</i> sp., a hitherto uncultured hydrogenotrophic bacterial species, as the dominant driver of this transcriptional change.</p> Conclusions <p>Comparative genomic analysis between the <i>Duodenibacillus </i>sp. and other hydrogenotrophic rumen organisms revealed metabolic traits that may provide <i>Duodenibacillus</i> sp. with a competitive advantage in H<sub>2</sub> scavenging. Our findings provide an initial understanding of how the rumen microbiome responds to a promising CH<sub>4</sub> reducing feed additive and serve as a model for alternative stable rumen microbiome states that produce less methane and increase animal productivity. Ultimately, insights from the work presented here might enable the development of advanced microbiome-based strategies to reduce enteric methane production.</p>

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Red seaweed supplementation suppresses methanogenesis in the rumen, revealing potentially advantageous traits among hydrogenotrophic bacteria

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月13日

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  • Pengfan Zhang,
  • Breanna Roque,
  • Pedro Romero,
  • Nicole Shapiro,
  • Emiley Eloe-Fadrosh,
  • Ermias Kebreab,
  • Spencer Diamond,
  • Matthias Hess

摘要

Background

Macroalgae belonging to the genus Asparagopsis have shown to reduce methane (CH4) production during rumen fermentation, while increasing feed efficiency when added to the feed of cattle. However, little is known about how the rumen microbiome responds to Asparagopsis supplementation, and how changes in the microbiome may contribute to changes in rumen function and host phenotype. Here, we generated and analyzed metagenomic and metatranscriptomic data from the rumen microbiome from cows receiving (treatment) and not receiving (control) an Asparagopsis armata supplemented diet.

Results

Using a combination of metatranscriptome and metagenome analysis, we found that reduction of CH4 emission from animals receiving A. armata was coupled to a significant reduction in the transcription of methanogenesis pathways. Additionally, a significant decrease in the transcription of genes for carbon catabolism and a reorganization of carbon catabolic gene expression occurred at the species level within the rumen microbiome of animals that received red seaweed with their diet. Increased H2 production, a consequence of methanogenesis suppression, was coupled to a significant increase in the transcription of hydrogenases that mediate hydrogenotrophic metabolism in the treatment group. Metatranscriptome analysis identified a single metagenome assembled genome (MAG) of a Duodenibacillus sp., a hitherto uncultured hydrogenotrophic bacterial species, as the dominant driver of this transcriptional change.

Conclusions

Comparative genomic analysis between the Duodenibacillus sp. and other hydrogenotrophic rumen organisms revealed metabolic traits that may provide Duodenibacillus sp. with a competitive advantage in H2 scavenging. Our findings provide an initial understanding of how the rumen microbiome responds to a promising CH4 reducing feed additive and serve as a model for alternative stable rumen microbiome states that produce less methane and increase animal productivity. Ultimately, insights from the work presented here might enable the development of advanced microbiome-based strategies to reduce enteric methane production.