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<p>Endometriosis affects approximately 10% of women of reproductive age and is characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterine cavity, leading to chronic pelvic pain, infertility, and a significant reduction in quality of life. Beyond its local manifestations, endometriosis is increasingly recognized as a systemic, immune-mediated condition with multifactorial origins. In this narrative review, we provide an updated and comprehensive overview of the disease, including its pathophysiology, clinical features, and evolving conceptual frameworks. Considering the frequent digestive symptoms observed in affected patients, we summarize key findings from both animal and human studies that investigate alterations in the gut microbiota. We also review the profound immune dysregulation associated with endometriosis and explore its potential bidirectional relationship with the microbiota. Furthermore, we examine recent insights into the endometrial microbiota—an emerging field of interest given its early involvement in the disease process and its strong interconnection with the vaginal microbiome. Lastly, we highlight studies exploring the gynecological microbiota and present an updated discussion of novel therapeutic strategies, including microbiota-targeted approaches that may shape future management of this complex disease.</p><p><MediaObject ID="MO1"> <VideoObject FileRef="MediaObjects/40168_2025_2243_MOESM1_ESM.mp4" VideoID="5SUTn4nLz1PAjYFjeWnEeB"> <Caption Language="En" xml:lang="en"> <CaptionContent> <p>Video Abstract</p> </CaptionContent> </Caption> </VideoObject> </MediaObject></p> Graphical Abstract <p>Abbreviations: Treg: T regulatory cells, MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinases, mTOR: mammalian target of rapamycin, NLRP3: NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3, NF-κB: nuclear factor-kappa B, NK: natural killer, Cox-2: cyclooxygenase-2, E2: estradiol</p>

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Microbiota insights in endometriosis

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月5日

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  • Guillaume Parpex,
  • Carole Nicco,
  • Benoît Chassaing,
  • Pietro Santulli,
  • Sandrine Chouzenoux,
  • Mathilde Bourdon,
  • Chloé Maignien,
  • Ludivine Doridot,
  • Frédéric Batteux,
  • Charles Chapron,
  • Louis Marcellin

摘要

Endometriosis affects approximately 10% of women of reproductive age and is characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterine cavity, leading to chronic pelvic pain, infertility, and a significant reduction in quality of life. Beyond its local manifestations, endometriosis is increasingly recognized as a systemic, immune-mediated condition with multifactorial origins. In this narrative review, we provide an updated and comprehensive overview of the disease, including its pathophysiology, clinical features, and evolving conceptual frameworks. Considering the frequent digestive symptoms observed in affected patients, we summarize key findings from both animal and human studies that investigate alterations in the gut microbiota. We also review the profound immune dysregulation associated with endometriosis and explore its potential bidirectional relationship with the microbiota. Furthermore, we examine recent insights into the endometrial microbiota—an emerging field of interest given its early involvement in the disease process and its strong interconnection with the vaginal microbiome. Lastly, we highlight studies exploring the gynecological microbiota and present an updated discussion of novel therapeutic strategies, including microbiota-targeted approaches that may shape future management of this complex disease.

Video Abstract

Graphical Abstract

Abbreviations: Treg: T regulatory cells, MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinases, mTOR: mammalian target of rapamycin, NLRP3: NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3, NF-κB: nuclear factor-kappa B, NK: natural killer, Cox-2: cyclooxygenase-2, E2: estradiol