Scholarlink

Background <p>Huge phages (genome size ≥ 200 kb) have been detected in diverse habitats worldwide, infecting a variety of prokaryotes. However, their evolution and adaptation strategy in soils remain poorly understood due to the scarcity of soil-derived genomes.</p> Results <p>Here, we conduct a size-fractioned (&lt; 0.22 μm) metagenomic analysis across a 130-year chronosequence of a glacier foreland in the Tibetan Plateau and discovered 412 novel viral operational taxonomic units (vOTUs) of huge phages. The phylogenomic and gene-shared network analysis gained insights into their unique evolutionary history compared with smaller phages. Their communities in glacier foreland revealed a distinct pattern between the early (≤ 41 years) and late stages (&gt; 41 years) based on the macrodiveristy (interspecies diversity) analysis. A significant increase in the diversity of huge phages communities following glacier retreat were observed according to current database. The phages distributed across sites within late stage demonstrated a remarkable higher microdiversity (intraspecies diversity) compared to other geographic range such as the intra early stage, suggesting that glacial retreat is key drivers of the huge phage speciation. Alongside the shift in huge phage communities, we also noted an evolutionary and functional transition between the early and late stages. The identification of abundant CRISPR-Cas12 and type IV restriction-modification (RM) systems in huge phages indicates their complex mechanisms for adaptive immunity.</p> Conclusions <p>Overall, this study unravels the importance of climate change in shaping the composition, evolution, and function of soil huge phage communities, and such further understanding of soil huge phages is vital for broader inclusion in soil ecosystem models.</p> <p><MediaObject ID="MOESM4"> <VideoObject FileRef="MediaObjects/40168_2024_2017_MOESM3_ESM.mp4" VideoID="36NkSuBhymqeFDHZtwigi8"> <Caption Language="En" xml:lang="en"> <CaptionContent> <p>Video Abstract</p> </CaptionContent> </Caption> </VideoObject> </MediaObject></p>

错误：搜索内容不能为空，请输入英文关键词
错误：关键词超出字数限制，请精简
高级检索

Evolutionary diversification and succession of soil huge phages in glacier foreland

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月21日

查看全文
  • Hu Liao,
  • Jian Li,
  • Yan-Zi Wang,
  • Hu Li,
  • Xin-Li An,
  • Tao Wang,
  • Rui-Ying Chang,
  • Yong-Guan Zhu,
  • Jian-Qiang Su

摘要

Background

Huge phages (genome size ≥ 200 kb) have been detected in diverse habitats worldwide, infecting a variety of prokaryotes. However, their evolution and adaptation strategy in soils remain poorly understood due to the scarcity of soil-derived genomes.

Results

Here, we conduct a size-fractioned (< 0.22 μm) metagenomic analysis across a 130-year chronosequence of a glacier foreland in the Tibetan Plateau and discovered 412 novel viral operational taxonomic units (vOTUs) of huge phages. The phylogenomic and gene-shared network analysis gained insights into their unique evolutionary history compared with smaller phages. Their communities in glacier foreland revealed a distinct pattern between the early (≤ 41 years) and late stages (> 41 years) based on the macrodiveristy (interspecies diversity) analysis. A significant increase in the diversity of huge phages communities following glacier retreat were observed according to current database. The phages distributed across sites within late stage demonstrated a remarkable higher microdiversity (intraspecies diversity) compared to other geographic range such as the intra early stage, suggesting that glacial retreat is key drivers of the huge phage speciation. Alongside the shift in huge phage communities, we also noted an evolutionary and functional transition between the early and late stages. The identification of abundant CRISPR-Cas12 and type IV restriction-modification (RM) systems in huge phages indicates their complex mechanisms for adaptive immunity.

Conclusions

Overall, this study unravels the importance of climate change in shaping the composition, evolution, and function of soil huge phage communities, and such further understanding of soil huge phages is vital for broader inclusion in soil ecosystem models.

Video Abstract