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Background <p>Follicular development in laying hens requires a balance between angiogenesis and redox status, yet their synergistic interplay across different production levels and physiological stages remains unclear. This study compared high-production (HP) and low-production (LP) hens at 50 and 75&#xa0;weeks of age using morphological, antioxidant, angiogenic, and transcriptomic analyses. An acute tBHP-induced oxidative stress model was further employed to elucidate the temporal coupling between these systems.</p> Results <p>HP hens exhibited significantly superior laying rate and FCR compared to LP hens at both 50 and 75&#xa0;weeks. Morphologically, HP ovaries featured more hierarchical follicles, denser vascular networks, and reduced senescence (β-galactosidase) and apoptotic (TUNEL) signals. Mechanistically, HP ovaries showed significantly enhanced antioxidant capacity (increased T-AOC, GSH, and SOD; decreased MDA) and upregulated expression of antioxidant genes (e.g., <i>NOX1</i>, <i>SOD3</i>, <i>HSPB1</i>). Concurrently, HP ovaries displayed dense CD31-positive microvascular signaling, with significantly higher protein levels of VEGF and ANGPT1. Similarly, gene expression (e.g., <i>VEGFA</i>, <i>KDR</i>, <i>ANGPT1</i>, and <i>ITGA5</i>) was upregulated. Transcriptomic profiling revealed a functional transition: differentially expressed genes at 50&#xa0;weeks were primarily enriched in immune and metabolic pathways, whereas at 75&#xa0;weeks, enrichment shifted to extracellular matrix organization and angiogenesis. Co-enrichment analysis identified p53, FoxO, and VEGF as core regulatory pathways, highlighting <i>ITGA5</i> and <i>HSPB1</i> as key nodal genes. Finally, the tBHP challenge significantly increased ovarian ROS, triggering a synchronous, compensatory upregulation of antioxidant (NRF2, HIF1α) and angiogenic (VEGF, ANGPT1) factors.</p> Conclusion <p>This study demonstrates that a synergistic antioxidant-angiogenesis axis is a critical mechanism supporting sustained high yield, offering theoretical insights for optimizing the ovarian microenvironment and extending the productive lifespan of laying hens.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Dynamic synergistic interplay between ovarian antioxidant defense and angiogenesis sustains high egg production in laying hens

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月3日

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  • Kailong Qin,
  • Minglu Gao,
  • Xiaoying Liu,
  • Yanli Liu,
  • Xiaojun Yang,
  • Jiantao Yang

摘要

Background

Follicular development in laying hens requires a balance between angiogenesis and redox status, yet their synergistic interplay across different production levels and physiological stages remains unclear. This study compared high-production (HP) and low-production (LP) hens at 50 and 75 weeks of age using morphological, antioxidant, angiogenic, and transcriptomic analyses. An acute tBHP-induced oxidative stress model was further employed to elucidate the temporal coupling between these systems.

Results

HP hens exhibited significantly superior laying rate and FCR compared to LP hens at both 50 and 75 weeks. Morphologically, HP ovaries featured more hierarchical follicles, denser vascular networks, and reduced senescence (β-galactosidase) and apoptotic (TUNEL) signals. Mechanistically, HP ovaries showed significantly enhanced antioxidant capacity (increased T-AOC, GSH, and SOD; decreased MDA) and upregulated expression of antioxidant genes (e.g., NOX1, SOD3, HSPB1). Concurrently, HP ovaries displayed dense CD31-positive microvascular signaling, with significantly higher protein levels of VEGF and ANGPT1. Similarly, gene expression (e.g., VEGFA, KDR, ANGPT1, and ITGA5) was upregulated. Transcriptomic profiling revealed a functional transition: differentially expressed genes at 50 weeks were primarily enriched in immune and metabolic pathways, whereas at 75 weeks, enrichment shifted to extracellular matrix organization and angiogenesis. Co-enrichment analysis identified p53, FoxO, and VEGF as core regulatory pathways, highlighting ITGA5 and HSPB1 as key nodal genes. Finally, the tBHP challenge significantly increased ovarian ROS, triggering a synchronous, compensatory upregulation of antioxidant (NRF2, HIF1α) and angiogenic (VEGF, ANGPT1) factors.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that a synergistic antioxidant-angiogenesis axis is a critical mechanism supporting sustained high yield, offering theoretical insights for optimizing the ovarian microenvironment and extending the productive lifespan of laying hens.

Graphical Abstract