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Background <p>Eating speed is a key eating behavior trait that influences energy intake and fat deposition, yet its regulation by host genetics and gut microbiota remains poorly understood in birds.</p> Results <p>We systematically investigated the interplay among host genetics, gut microbiota, eating speed, and fat deposition in chickens. Phenotypic analyses revealed a positive association between eating speed and abdominal fat, and Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis identified a bidirectional feedback loop in which fat deposition promotes faster eating, which in turn exacerbates fat accumulation. Microbiome and MR analyses highlighted the ileal genus <i>Bradyrhizobium</i> as a causal regulator of both eating speed and fat deposition, with higher abundance reducing abdominal fat, triglyceride levels, and inflammatory markers. Microbiome genome-wide association studies (mGWAS) further identified host genetic variants and candidate genes, including convergent signals at <i>RECK</i>, influencing <i>Bradyrhizobium</i> abundance. Mediation analyses indicated that <i>Bradyrhizobium</i> modulates eating speed partially through its effects on abdominal fat, emphasizing a host-microbe-behavior feedback axis.</p> Conclusions <p>Our findings reveal a complex interplay among host genetics, gut microbes, and eating behavior, providing mechanistic insights and potential targets for precision interventions to optimize growth and metabolic health in poultry.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Host genomic regulation of ileal Bradyrhizobium abundance modulates eating speed and fat metabolism in birds: a causal mechanism study

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月19日

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  • Yang Zhao,
  • Shuangshuang Zhai,
  • Ping Wang,
  • Wenwei Yang,
  • Xinxin Liu,
  • Yuchi Dai,
  • Chengxuan Li,
  • Fei Liu,
  • Ning Yang,
  • Wei Yan

摘要

Background

Eating speed is a key eating behavior trait that influences energy intake and fat deposition, yet its regulation by host genetics and gut microbiota remains poorly understood in birds.

Results

We systematically investigated the interplay among host genetics, gut microbiota, eating speed, and fat deposition in chickens. Phenotypic analyses revealed a positive association between eating speed and abdominal fat, and Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis identified a bidirectional feedback loop in which fat deposition promotes faster eating, which in turn exacerbates fat accumulation. Microbiome and MR analyses highlighted the ileal genus Bradyrhizobium as a causal regulator of both eating speed and fat deposition, with higher abundance reducing abdominal fat, triglyceride levels, and inflammatory markers. Microbiome genome-wide association studies (mGWAS) further identified host genetic variants and candidate genes, including convergent signals at RECK, influencing Bradyrhizobium abundance. Mediation analyses indicated that Bradyrhizobium modulates eating speed partially through its effects on abdominal fat, emphasizing a host-microbe-behavior feedback axis.

Conclusions

Our findings reveal a complex interplay among host genetics, gut microbes, and eating behavior, providing mechanistic insights and potential targets for precision interventions to optimize growth and metabolic health in poultry.

Graphical Abstract