What drives the digital transformation of farmers’ cooperatives? An empirical analysis based on the TOE framework
摘要
Farmers’ cooperatives play a crucial role in advancing agricultural modernization. Their digital transformation is closely tied to the overall level of agricultural digitalization. However, existing research has largely overlooked the driving factors behind this transformation. This study employs system dynamics within the Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) framework to systematically investigate the determinants of digital transformation in farmers’ cooperatives. The results reveal that technology, organization, and environment advancements all contribute to digital transformation, with the environmental factor emerging as the most influential. Among the key variables, technical advantages, market demand, and decision-making capacity exert the greatest impact. The multidimensional TOE model significantly enhances digital transformation, but its effectiveness is limited by a shortage of high-quality talent. Based on these findings, the paper offers targeted policy recommendations in three areas: fostering collaboration among industry, academia, and research institutions, strengthening digital talent development, and enhancing the complementary roles of government and the market.