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Objectives <p>Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), a delta retrovirus, infects 10–20 million people worldwide. Persistent infection can cause systemic inflammation, increasing susceptibility to comorbidities. While research has focused on cardiovascular disease (CVD), HTLV-1’s association with other chronic conditions remains unclear. The current study aims to investigate long-term disease progression in HTLV-1 patients to address this gap.</p> Methods <p>This cohort study was conducted on the Mashhad Stroke and Heart Atherosclerotic Disorder (MASHAD study). This information pertains to a sample of 7,560 participants who completed the follow-up. These participants included 7,320 healthy individuals and 241 patients who had contracted HTLV-1. After ten years of follow-up, various chronic health conditions were measured and analyzed.</p> Results <p>The results of the present study indicated that subjects with HTLV-1 had a higher risk of CVD and chronic kidney disease (CKD). No significant differences were observed between HTLV-1-positive and HTLV-1-negative participants in the incidence of diabetes, anemia, metabolic syndrome, obesity, anxiety, or depression. The risk of CVD and CKD among HTLV-1-positive individuals was 1.420 (RR: 95% CI 1.013–2.002, <i>P</i> = 0.04) and 1.281 (OR: 95% CI 1.080–1.521, <i>P</i> = 0.003), respectively.</p> Conclusions <p>HTLV-1 infection increases the risk of chronic disease, especially CVD and CKD. In this regard, it seems that following subjects with HTLV-1 is necessary. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms by which HTLV-1 contributes to chronic diseases, and prevention strategies are necessary to reduce the incidence of these chronic diseases.</p>

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HTLV-1 infection and its association with long-term chronic disease progression: evidenced by a 10-year follow-up study

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月10日

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  • Amir Hossein Esfandiari,
  • Hojjat Ghahvechi,
  • Mahdis Mehrzad,
  • Zahra Mobarezi,
  • Samaneh Abolbashari,
  • Zahra Meshkat,
  • Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan,
  • Habibollah Esmaily,
  • Mohsen Moohebati,
  • Susan Darroudi

摘要

Objectives

Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), a delta retrovirus, infects 10–20 million people worldwide. Persistent infection can cause systemic inflammation, increasing susceptibility to comorbidities. While research has focused on cardiovascular disease (CVD), HTLV-1’s association with other chronic conditions remains unclear. The current study aims to investigate long-term disease progression in HTLV-1 patients to address this gap.

Methods

This cohort study was conducted on the Mashhad Stroke and Heart Atherosclerotic Disorder (MASHAD study). This information pertains to a sample of 7,560 participants who completed the follow-up. These participants included 7,320 healthy individuals and 241 patients who had contracted HTLV-1. After ten years of follow-up, various chronic health conditions were measured and analyzed.

Results

The results of the present study indicated that subjects with HTLV-1 had a higher risk of CVD and chronic kidney disease (CKD). No significant differences were observed between HTLV-1-positive and HTLV-1-negative participants in the incidence of diabetes, anemia, metabolic syndrome, obesity, anxiety, or depression. The risk of CVD and CKD among HTLV-1-positive individuals was 1.420 (RR: 95% CI 1.013–2.002, P = 0.04) and 1.281 (OR: 95% CI 1.080–1.521, P = 0.003), respectively.

Conclusions

HTLV-1 infection increases the risk of chronic disease, especially CVD and CKD. In this regard, it seems that following subjects with HTLV-1 is necessary. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms by which HTLV-1 contributes to chronic diseases, and prevention strategies are necessary to reduce the incidence of these chronic diseases.