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Objective <p>This study aimed to identify clinical differences between specific spinal infections (SSI) and non-specific spinal infections (Non-SSI) to provide a reliable basis for differential diagnosis.</p> Methods <p>Patients with etiologically confirmed spinal infections (SI) treated at Xi’an Honghui Hospital from June 2023 to June 2025 were retrospectively included. Demographic characteristics, clinical signs and symptoms, underlying diseases, laboratory findings, and imaging features were analyzed.</p> Result <p>A total of 229 patients (138 SSI and 91 Non-SSI) were enrolled. Univariate analysis showed significant differences between the two groups regarding clinical presentation, underlying diseases, laboratory markers, and imaging features. LASSO logistic regression identified eight independent predictors among the 29 evaluated variables. Osteoporosis, a history of tuberculosis, and bone destruction were confirmed as independent risk factors for SSI. In contrast, hypertension, neurological deficits, paraspinal muscle involvement, systemic symptoms, as well as the presence of tenderness and percussion pain were associated with a Non-SSI status. The multivariate prediction model exhibited good discriminative ability, yielding an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.837 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.812–0.899), significantly outperforming any single predictor.</p> Conclusion <p>SSI and Non-SSI show distinct differences in clinical presentation, underlying diseases, and imaging findings. The diagnostic model established in this study demonstrates good discriminatory capacity, suggesting its potential as a useful tool for clinical differential diagnosis.</p>

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Comparative analysis of clinical features between specific and non-specific spinal infections: a retrospective cohort study

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月15日

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  • Qi Dong,
  • Jiuqin Zhou,
  • Yunpeng Zhu,
  • Jun Zhang,
  • Xi Wang,
  • Chuang Ma,
  • Lingbo Kong

摘要

Objective

This study aimed to identify clinical differences between specific spinal infections (SSI) and non-specific spinal infections (Non-SSI) to provide a reliable basis for differential diagnosis.

Methods

Patients with etiologically confirmed spinal infections (SI) treated at Xi’an Honghui Hospital from June 2023 to June 2025 were retrospectively included. Demographic characteristics, clinical signs and symptoms, underlying diseases, laboratory findings, and imaging features were analyzed.

Result

A total of 229 patients (138 SSI and 91 Non-SSI) were enrolled. Univariate analysis showed significant differences between the two groups regarding clinical presentation, underlying diseases, laboratory markers, and imaging features. LASSO logistic regression identified eight independent predictors among the 29 evaluated variables. Osteoporosis, a history of tuberculosis, and bone destruction were confirmed as independent risk factors for SSI. In contrast, hypertension, neurological deficits, paraspinal muscle involvement, systemic symptoms, as well as the presence of tenderness and percussion pain were associated with a Non-SSI status. The multivariate prediction model exhibited good discriminative ability, yielding an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.837 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.812–0.899), significantly outperforming any single predictor.

Conclusion

SSI and Non-SSI show distinct differences in clinical presentation, underlying diseases, and imaging findings. The diagnostic model established in this study demonstrates good discriminatory capacity, suggesting its potential as a useful tool for clinical differential diagnosis.