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Objective <p>To characterize the epidemiology of common pediatric intestinal diarrheal viruses from Epidemiological Year 2019/20 to Epidemiological Year 2024/25, and to inform optimization of vaccination and disease control strategies.</p> Methods <p>This retrospective study included pediatric patients with infectious diarrhea who presented between March 2019 and February 2025. Among them, 14,908 children underwent norovirus antigen testing, and 19,666 underwent rotavirus and adenovirus antigen testing. Demographic and laboratory data were obtained from electronic medical records and analyzed.</p> Results <p>A total of 691 norovirus-positive (4.64%), 4415 rotavirus-positive (22.45%), and 1,037 adenovirus-positive (5.27%) cases were identified. Rotavirus consistently exhibited the highest detection rate across all years. Norovirus peaked in August 2019 (20.00%), adenovirus in June 2019 (16.89%), and rotavirus in January 2021 (57.24%). Following the COVID-19 pandemic, norovirus and adenovirus primarily circulated during autumn and winter, whereas rotavirus predominated in winter and early spring. Age-specific detection rates were highest among infants for norovirus (7.01%), toddlers for adenovirus (4.52%), and preschoolers for rotavirus (31.33%). Before the pandemic, the most frequent co-infection pattern was “Rotavirus + Adenovirus” (68.18%); in contrast, the post-pandemic period was dominated by “Rotavirus + Norovirus” co-infections (54.17%).</p> Conclusion <p>The circulation patterns of enteric viruses causing pediatric diarrhea changed markedly during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings refine current epidemiological data on viral diarrhea in Chinese children and provide critical evidence for disease surveillance, early warning, and prevention and control strategies.</p>

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Changes in the infection patterns of common diarrheagenic viruses among children in Northwest China before and after the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal analysis, 2019–2024

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月7日

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  • Jianyong Tang,
  • You Wu,
  • Peiwen Ning,
  • Jiahua Liu,
  • Congcong Chen,
  • Qiaoyi Luo,
  • Jianfei Shi,
  • Zengguo Wang

摘要

Objective

To characterize the epidemiology of common pediatric intestinal diarrheal viruses from Epidemiological Year 2019/20 to Epidemiological Year 2024/25, and to inform optimization of vaccination and disease control strategies.

Methods

This retrospective study included pediatric patients with infectious diarrhea who presented between March 2019 and February 2025. Among them, 14,908 children underwent norovirus antigen testing, and 19,666 underwent rotavirus and adenovirus antigen testing. Demographic and laboratory data were obtained from electronic medical records and analyzed.

Results

A total of 691 norovirus-positive (4.64%), 4415 rotavirus-positive (22.45%), and 1,037 adenovirus-positive (5.27%) cases were identified. Rotavirus consistently exhibited the highest detection rate across all years. Norovirus peaked in August 2019 (20.00%), adenovirus in June 2019 (16.89%), and rotavirus in January 2021 (57.24%). Following the COVID-19 pandemic, norovirus and adenovirus primarily circulated during autumn and winter, whereas rotavirus predominated in winter and early spring. Age-specific detection rates were highest among infants for norovirus (7.01%), toddlers for adenovirus (4.52%), and preschoolers for rotavirus (31.33%). Before the pandemic, the most frequent co-infection pattern was “Rotavirus + Adenovirus” (68.18%); in contrast, the post-pandemic period was dominated by “Rotavirus + Norovirus” co-infections (54.17%).

Conclusion

The circulation patterns of enteric viruses causing pediatric diarrhea changed markedly during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings refine current epidemiological data on viral diarrhea in Chinese children and provide critical evidence for disease surveillance, early warning, and prevention and control strategies.