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Background <p>Cardiovascular–kidney–metabolic (CKM) syndrome stages 3–4 confer high mortality risk. While diet modulates CKM progression, the role of specific dietary fatty acids (FAs) remains uncharacterized.</p> Objective <p>To evaluate associations between FA intake and advanced CKM among U.S. adults aged ≥ 20&#xa0;years using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017–2023 data.</p> Methods <p>This cross-sectional study ultimately included 2967 participants from the NHANES 2017–2023. Advanced CKM was defined as 3–4 stages. FA intake was assessed via 24-h recall. Logistic regression, restricted cubic splines (RCS), and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression were employed to assess associations between FA intake and CKM.</p> Results <p>Of the 19 FAs analyzed, seven were significantly negatively associated with advanced CKM (all <i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). In quartile analyses, participants in the highest quartile (Q4) of eicosatetraenoic acid (EA), octadecadienoic acid (ODA), and octadecenoic acid (OEA) intake had a lower likelihood of advanced CKM compared with those in the lowest quartile (Q1): EA, OR = 0.68 (95% CI 0.48–0.95;&#xa0;<i>P</i> = 0.025); ODA, OR = 0.67 (0.47–0.95;&#xa0;<i>P</i> = 0.025); OEA, OR = 0.69 (0.48–0.98;&#xa0;<i>P</i> = 0.039). RCS models showed linear dose–response relationships between EA, ODA, and OEA intake and advanced CKM (all P for non-linearity &gt; 0.05). WQS confirmed an inverse overall FA mixture effect (OR = 0.69; 95% CI 0.50–0.97;&#xa0;<i>P</i> = 0.031), with EA as the primary contributor (weight = 0.39).</p> Conclusion <p>Higher intake of EA, ODA, and OEA is independently associated with lower odds of advanced CKM. These long-chain unsaturated FAs may represent potential dietary factors associated with CKM stage. Prospective studies are needed to clarify temporality and causality.</p>

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The relationship between daily dietary fatty acid intake and advanced CKM

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月30日

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  • Yarong Wang,
  • Yi Tang,
  • Ning Yan,
  • Yanan Ma,
  • Qingqiu Wu,
  • Guangxin Hu

摘要

Background

Cardiovascular–kidney–metabolic (CKM) syndrome stages 3–4 confer high mortality risk. While diet modulates CKM progression, the role of specific dietary fatty acids (FAs) remains uncharacterized.

Objective

To evaluate associations between FA intake and advanced CKM among U.S. adults aged ≥ 20 years using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017–2023 data.

Methods

This cross-sectional study ultimately included 2967 participants from the NHANES 2017–2023. Advanced CKM was defined as 3–4 stages. FA intake was assessed via 24-h recall. Logistic regression, restricted cubic splines (RCS), and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression were employed to assess associations between FA intake and CKM.

Results

Of the 19 FAs analyzed, seven were significantly negatively associated with advanced CKM (all P < 0.05). In quartile analyses, participants in the highest quartile (Q4) of eicosatetraenoic acid (EA), octadecadienoic acid (ODA), and octadecenoic acid (OEA) intake had a lower likelihood of advanced CKM compared with those in the lowest quartile (Q1): EA, OR = 0.68 (95% CI 0.48–0.95; P = 0.025); ODA, OR = 0.67 (0.47–0.95; P = 0.025); OEA, OR = 0.69 (0.48–0.98; P = 0.039). RCS models showed linear dose–response relationships between EA, ODA, and OEA intake and advanced CKM (all P for non-linearity > 0.05). WQS confirmed an inverse overall FA mixture effect (OR = 0.69; 95% CI 0.50–0.97; P = 0.031), with EA as the primary contributor (weight = 0.39).

Conclusion

Higher intake of EA, ODA, and OEA is independently associated with lower odds of advanced CKM. These long-chain unsaturated FAs may represent potential dietary factors associated with CKM stage. Prospective studies are needed to clarify temporality and causality.