Scholarlink

Introduction <p>Progesterone supplementation is used for miscarriage prevention. Animal studies have showed that folic acid supplementation (FAS) improves progesterone profiles. However, little is known about the interaction between progesterone supplementation and FAS in women with early pregnancy bleeding.</p> Methods <p>We conducted a multicenter prospective study of 17,713 women recruited at 11–13&#xa0;weeks’ gestation in 23 tertiary hospitals from 12 provinces in China. The interaction between the treatment (e.g., injection or oral administration of progesterone) and FAS was investigated.</p> Results <p>Women with bleeding in early pregnancy were more likely to have a baby with malformations than those without bleeding (hazard ratio [HR] 1.37; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05–1.78; <i>P</i> = 0.0208). Treatment for bleeding was not associated with malformations compared to no treatment (HR, 1.05; 95% CI 0.65–1.72). An insignificant interaction between FAS and progesterone injection was observed in total sample (HR, 1.55, 95% CI 0.19–12.61) and in women with bleeding (HR, 3.22, 95% CI 0.30–34.70). Among women without a history of adverse pregnancy outcomes, progesterone injection was not associated with malformations compared with untreated women (HR, 1.18, 95% CI 0.63–2.22). However, the association approached borderline statistical significance when compared with no bleeding women (HR, 1.61, 95% CI 1.00–2.60, <i>P</i> = 0.051).</p> Conclusions <p>Bleeding in early pregnancy was associated with a higher risk of malformations. The use of progesterone injection should be caution in women without a history of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Further studies are warranted to study the potential interactive effect of FAS and progesterone injection on malformation.</p>

错误：搜索内容不能为空，请输入英文关键词
错误：关键词超出字数限制，请精简
高级检索

Association of combined folic acid and progesterone use with congenital malformations in women with vaginal bleeding during early pregnancy: a multicenter cohort study

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月3日

查看全文
  • Jiang-Nan Wu,
  • Lin-Liang Yin,
  • Xue-Dong Deng,
  • Chun-Ya Ji,
  • Jing Dong,
  • Xi-Rong Xiao

摘要

Introduction

Progesterone supplementation is used for miscarriage prevention. Animal studies have showed that folic acid supplementation (FAS) improves progesterone profiles. However, little is known about the interaction between progesterone supplementation and FAS in women with early pregnancy bleeding.

Methods

We conducted a multicenter prospective study of 17,713 women recruited at 11–13 weeks’ gestation in 23 tertiary hospitals from 12 provinces in China. The interaction between the treatment (e.g., injection or oral administration of progesterone) and FAS was investigated.

Results

Women with bleeding in early pregnancy were more likely to have a baby with malformations than those without bleeding (hazard ratio [HR] 1.37; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05–1.78; P = 0.0208). Treatment for bleeding was not associated with malformations compared to no treatment (HR, 1.05; 95% CI 0.65–1.72). An insignificant interaction between FAS and progesterone injection was observed in total sample (HR, 1.55, 95% CI 0.19–12.61) and in women with bleeding (HR, 3.22, 95% CI 0.30–34.70). Among women without a history of adverse pregnancy outcomes, progesterone injection was not associated with malformations compared with untreated women (HR, 1.18, 95% CI 0.63–2.22). However, the association approached borderline statistical significance when compared with no bleeding women (HR, 1.61, 95% CI 1.00–2.60, P = 0.051).

Conclusions

Bleeding in early pregnancy was associated with a higher risk of malformations. The use of progesterone injection should be caution in women without a history of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Further studies are warranted to study the potential interactive effect of FAS and progesterone injection on malformation.