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Background <p>Forests play a central role in climate change mitigation by storing carbon in vegetation biomass and soils. Carbon pools of native forests growing in Tierra del Fuego (Argentina) have been previously analyzed separately, but with limited landscape-scale extrapolation and interpretation. This study aimed to integrate vegetation biomass and soil carbon to assess total stand carbon and to identify the main factors associated with its spatial variability across different <i>Nothofagus</i> forest types. For this, 884 field plots across three <i>Nothofagus</i> forest types (NA: <i>N. antarctica,</i> NP: <i>N. pumilio,</i> and MIX: pure <i>N. betuloides</i> and mixed evergreen forests) were used to integrate forest structure variables, climate, remote sensing indices, and soil nutrients into models of vegetation biomass, vegetation carbon, and total stand carbon through linear regression approaches.</p> Results <p>Total stand carbon reached 296.03 Tg across the forest area of 7124.27 km<sup>2</sup>, with significant spatial heterogeneity among forest types. MIX forests showed the highest carbon stock (613.89&#xa0;Mg&#xa0;ha⁻<sup>1</sup>), followed by NP (403.89&#xa0;Mg&#xa0;ha⁻<sup>1</sup>) and NA (341.73&#xa0;Mg&#xa0;ha⁻<sup>1</sup>). Forest-type-specific models achieved high predictive accuracy (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup>adj &gt; 95% for total stand carbon). Total stand carbon was negatively related to mean annual temperature and positively associated with net primary productivity and soil nitrogen. Model predictors varied by forest type: NA forest was driven by aridity index and NDVI; NP by temperature, NPP and soil nitrogen; and MIX by isothermality. Soil carbon showed higher values compared with vegetation carbon in mature and wet sites.</p> Conclusions <p>Carbon storage depends on the interaction between climate (temperature, aridity), soil processes, and forest structure. Furthermore, the assessment of carbon stocks across protection categories revealed a mismatch between carbon distribution and protection goals. Effective climate mitigation in high-latitude forests requires practices that preserve soil integrity and canopy continuity.</p>

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Carbon stocks in Tierra del Fuego forests: relationships with forest structure, climate, and landscape predictors

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月29日

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  • Julian Rodríguez-Souilla,
  • Jimena E. Chaves,
  • María Vanessa Lencinas,
  • Juan Manuel Cellini,
  • Pablo L. Peri,
  • Guillermo Martínez Pastur

摘要

Background

Forests play a central role in climate change mitigation by storing carbon in vegetation biomass and soils. Carbon pools of native forests growing in Tierra del Fuego (Argentina) have been previously analyzed separately, but with limited landscape-scale extrapolation and interpretation. This study aimed to integrate vegetation biomass and soil carbon to assess total stand carbon and to identify the main factors associated with its spatial variability across different Nothofagus forest types. For this, 884 field plots across three Nothofagus forest types (NA: N. antarctica, NP: N. pumilio, and MIX: pure N. betuloides and mixed evergreen forests) were used to integrate forest structure variables, climate, remote sensing indices, and soil nutrients into models of vegetation biomass, vegetation carbon, and total stand carbon through linear regression approaches.

Results

Total stand carbon reached 296.03 Tg across the forest area of 7124.27 km2, with significant spatial heterogeneity among forest types. MIX forests showed the highest carbon stock (613.89 Mg ha⁻1), followed by NP (403.89 Mg ha⁻1) and NA (341.73 Mg ha⁻1). Forest-type-specific models achieved high predictive accuracy (R2adj > 95% for total stand carbon). Total stand carbon was negatively related to mean annual temperature and positively associated with net primary productivity and soil nitrogen. Model predictors varied by forest type: NA forest was driven by aridity index and NDVI; NP by temperature, NPP and soil nitrogen; and MIX by isothermality. Soil carbon showed higher values compared with vegetation carbon in mature and wet sites.

Conclusions

Carbon storage depends on the interaction between climate (temperature, aridity), soil processes, and forest structure. Furthermore, the assessment of carbon stocks across protection categories revealed a mismatch between carbon distribution and protection goals. Effective climate mitigation in high-latitude forests requires practices that preserve soil integrity and canopy continuity.