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Background <p>Maternal health remains a critical indicator of health system performance globally, yet its outcomes remain suboptimal in low-resource settings. In Ghana, pregnancy complications contribute to over 12% of maternal deaths among women aged 15–49 years and are a key driver of maternal morbidity. This study examined the health system and socio-demographic correlates of self-reported pregnancy complications in two rural districts in Ghana.</p> Methods <p>A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted among 274 women aged 15–49 years in the Wa West and Mamprugu Moagduri districts of Ghana. Data were collected via structured interviewer-administered questionnaires and analysed using STATA 17. Binary logistic regression was applied, with statistical significance set at <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05 and 95% confidence intervals to determine associated factors of self-reported pregnancy complications.</p> Results <p>Overall, 38.7% of the respondents reported experiencing at least one pregnancy complication during their last birth. Stillbirth (63.2%) and miscarriage (26.4%) were the most reported pregnancy complications. Sub-district variations showed sharp differences within and across districts on pregnancy-related complications. Statistically significant socio-demographic correlates of pregnancy complications included being married (AoR = 0.16; 95% CI: 0.04–0.65), primiparous (AoR = 4.26; 95% CI:1.14–15.89), multiparity (AoR = 9.94; 95% CI: 2.80–35.3), higher income (AoR = 2.84; 95% CI: 1.49–5.41) and limited decision-making autonomy (AoR = 1.82; 95% CI: 1.37–3.99). Early antenatal care (ANC) initiation (AoR = 2.86; 95% CI: 1.08–7.54), and long distance to health facility (AoR = 2.12; 95% CI: 1.13–3.99) were associated with higher pregnancy complications, but facility-based pregnancy confirmation (AoR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.12–0.59) was associated with lower reports of pregnancy complications.</p> Conclusion <p>The high burden of self-reported pregnancy complications underscores systemic gaps in service delivery, workforce distribution, and governance. Geographic disparities reflect systemic inequities in resource allocation and supervision. Strengthening ANC outreach, empowering women through gender-responsive governance, and leveraging digital health innovations for early detection and referral coordination are essential to improving maternal outcomes and Ghana’s progress toward SDG 3.1.</p> Trial registration <p>Not applicable.</p>

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Correlates of self-reported pregnancy complications: a cross-sectional study in two districts in Northern Ghana

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月26日

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  • Martin Ayanore,
  • Isaiah Agorinya,
  • Robert Kokou Dowou,
  • Samuel Mayeden,
  • Gilbert Abotisem Abiiro,
  • Peter Adatara,
  • Stella Lartey,
  • Joseph Kangmennaang,
  • Elijah Bisung,
  • Kingsley Osei,
  • Bervelyn Asantewaah Addo,
  • Francis Adane,
  • Wisdom Axame,
  • Priscilla Aku Nuna Dotse,
  • Wisdom Aduah,
  • Felix Torku,
  • Josephat Ana-Imwine Nyuzaghl,
  • Prosper Mwinyella Lana,
  • Linus Baatiema,
  • Gladys Cheyuo,
  • Mensah Kwesi Acheampong,
  • Dennis Allotey,
  • Cecilia Kakariba,
  • Godfred Kwabena Sarpong,
  • Edward Sagoe,
  • Richard Dzeha,
  • Jakut James Moyom,
  • Felix Anaba,
  • Simon Peter Zantoli,
  • Kennedy Miah,
  • Mabel Narh,
  • Winifred Addo-Cobbiah,
  • Michael Sottie,
  • Samuel K. Boakye-Boateng,
  • John Koku Awoonor-Williams

摘要

Background

Maternal health remains a critical indicator of health system performance globally, yet its outcomes remain suboptimal in low-resource settings. In Ghana, pregnancy complications contribute to over 12% of maternal deaths among women aged 15–49 years and are a key driver of maternal morbidity. This study examined the health system and socio-demographic correlates of self-reported pregnancy complications in two rural districts in Ghana.

Methods

A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted among 274 women aged 15–49 years in the Wa West and Mamprugu Moagduri districts of Ghana. Data were collected via structured interviewer-administered questionnaires and analysed using STATA 17. Binary logistic regression was applied, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05 and 95% confidence intervals to determine associated factors of self-reported pregnancy complications.

Results

Overall, 38.7% of the respondents reported experiencing at least one pregnancy complication during their last birth. Stillbirth (63.2%) and miscarriage (26.4%) were the most reported pregnancy complications. Sub-district variations showed sharp differences within and across districts on pregnancy-related complications. Statistically significant socio-demographic correlates of pregnancy complications included being married (AoR = 0.16; 95% CI: 0.04–0.65), primiparous (AoR = 4.26; 95% CI:1.14–15.89), multiparity (AoR = 9.94; 95% CI: 2.80–35.3), higher income (AoR = 2.84; 95% CI: 1.49–5.41) and limited decision-making autonomy (AoR = 1.82; 95% CI: 1.37–3.99). Early antenatal care (ANC) initiation (AoR = 2.86; 95% CI: 1.08–7.54), and long distance to health facility (AoR = 2.12; 95% CI: 1.13–3.99) were associated with higher pregnancy complications, but facility-based pregnancy confirmation (AoR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.12–0.59) was associated with lower reports of pregnancy complications.

Conclusion

The high burden of self-reported pregnancy complications underscores systemic gaps in service delivery, workforce distribution, and governance. Geographic disparities reflect systemic inequities in resource allocation and supervision. Strengthening ANC outreach, empowering women through gender-responsive governance, and leveraging digital health innovations for early detection and referral coordination are essential to improving maternal outcomes and Ghana’s progress toward SDG 3.1.

Trial registration

Not applicable.