Background <p>University students are an at-risk population for developing mental health problems which can negatively impact their academic performance, social relationships, physical health, and future life. Among this population, the cohort of international students is more vulnerable. Chinese international students (CIS) form the largest international student group in the world, but research on their mental health is limited. Although researchers have become increasingly interested in their mental health in recent years, a comprehensive review of existing evidence is not yet available. The proposed review aims to integrate quantitative and qualitative findings concerning factors associated with CIS mental health.</p> Methods <p>The systematic review will follow the PRISMA guidelines. Nine online databases—six English language and three Chinese language—will be searched. Peer-reviewed journal articles will be examined and screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Both quantitative and qualitative data will be extracted and narratively synthesised to generate an improved understanding of factors associated with the mental health of CIS.</p> Discussion <p>Findings from this systematic review will provide researchers, education professionals, mental health workers, and universities with knowledge concerning the factors associated with CIS mental health that is necessary for practical actions and will inform further research.</p> Systematic review registration <p>PROSPERO CRD42023402503.</p>