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<p>In 2020, a new swine influenza H1<sub>av</sub>N2#E genotype emerged in pig farms in France. Shortly after its emergence in swine, this virus was detected in breeding turkey farms, and was responsible of a zoonotic infection. Phylogenetic analyses previously conducted on viral sequences led to the selection of three viruses: the first strain detected in turkeys, resulting from a recent spillover from swine to turkeys (A); a second virus also detected in turkeys and likely adapted to this species (B); and a swine reference strain (C). In the context of species-barrier crossing, the aim of this study was to characterize in vivo these three viruses in an avian model, the breeding turkey, and in a mammalian model, the mouse. Clinical signs, lesions, viral loads, and immune responses were evaluated. In turkeys inoculated experimentally, all three viruses caused similar very mild clinical signs and no viral shedding. In contrast, in mice, virus A caused marked clinical signs associated with mortality, along with a weak inflammatory response. Conversely, virus C caused few clinical signs but showed a more pronounced inflammatory response. Surprisingly, only two nonsynonymous mutations were present between viruses C and A: K189R in PB1 and E233K in HA. Virus B displayed an intermediate profile. There was no difference in genomic load in the lungs among the three viruses, suggesting that the observed differences in pathogenicity were due to the immune response rather than viral replication.</p>

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Pathogenicity and immune response of turkey A(H1N2) influenza virus of swine-origin on turkeys and mice

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月3日

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  • Chloé Chavoix,
  • Charlotte Pain-Deloizy,
  • Pascale Massin,
  • Katell Louboutin,
  • Florent Souchaud,
  • Rachel Busson,
  • Carole Guillemoto,
  • Angélina Orosco,
  • Isabelle Pierre,
  • François-Xavier Briand,
  • Fabrice Touzain,
  • Michel Amelot,
  • Alassane Keita,
  • Thibaut Larcher,
  • Jean-Marc Laferte,
  • Eric Niqueux,
  • Audrey Schmitz,
  • Gaëlle Simon,
  • Béatrice Grasland,
  • Ronan Le Goffic

摘要

In 2020, a new swine influenza H1avN2#E genotype emerged in pig farms in France. Shortly after its emergence in swine, this virus was detected in breeding turkey farms, and was responsible of a zoonotic infection. Phylogenetic analyses previously conducted on viral sequences led to the selection of three viruses: the first strain detected in turkeys, resulting from a recent spillover from swine to turkeys (A); a second virus also detected in turkeys and likely adapted to this species (B); and a swine reference strain (C). In the context of species-barrier crossing, the aim of this study was to characterize in vivo these three viruses in an avian model, the breeding turkey, and in a mammalian model, the mouse. Clinical signs, lesions, viral loads, and immune responses were evaluated. In turkeys inoculated experimentally, all three viruses caused similar very mild clinical signs and no viral shedding. In contrast, in mice, virus A caused marked clinical signs associated with mortality, along with a weak inflammatory response. Conversely, virus C caused few clinical signs but showed a more pronounced inflammatory response. Surprisingly, only two nonsynonymous mutations were present between viruses C and A: K189R in PB1 and E233K in HA. Virus B displayed an intermediate profile. There was no difference in genomic load in the lungs among the three viruses, suggesting that the observed differences in pathogenicity were due to the immune response rather than viral replication.