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<p>Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease primarily affecting cloven-hoofed animals, with outbreaks causing substantial economic losses. This review summarizes the global epidemiological landscape of Southern African Territories (SAT) serotypes of FMD virus (FMDV) from 2010 to May 2025, with a particular emphasis on the topotypic diversity and transboundary spread of SAT2 strains. By integrating phylogenetic analysis and epitope characterization of the VP1 capsid protein, we provide preliminary insights into the evolutionary trajectories of SAT-type FMDVs and their implications for vaccine design. In light of the challenges posed by frequent antigenic drift and poor vaccine matching, we strictly assess the current status of commercial multivalent inactivated vaccines and recent advances in empty capsid subunit vaccine technologies. Comparative evaluation of these strategies underlines the need for enhanced molecular surveillance and rational vaccine optimization to mitigate the ongoing spread of SAT-type FMDV.</p>

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Evolutionary and structural insights into VP1 epitopes of representative SAT-type FMDV strains: implications for candidate vaccine selection

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月15日

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  • Shuaiyu Jiang,
  • Shunli Yang,
  • Xiaoqing Zhang,
  • Yupeng Fang,
  • Ziwei Guo,
  • Zhiyong Ma,
  • Xiaoxue Wei,
  • Kuanjia Guo,
  • Ramy E. El-Ansary,
  • Chimedtseren Bayasgalan,
  • Ashenafi Kiros Wubshet,
  • Jie Zhang

摘要

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease primarily affecting cloven-hoofed animals, with outbreaks causing substantial economic losses. This review summarizes the global epidemiological landscape of Southern African Territories (SAT) serotypes of FMD virus (FMDV) from 2010 to May 2025, with a particular emphasis on the topotypic diversity and transboundary spread of SAT2 strains. By integrating phylogenetic analysis and epitope characterization of the VP1 capsid protein, we provide preliminary insights into the evolutionary trajectories of SAT-type FMDVs and their implications for vaccine design. In light of the challenges posed by frequent antigenic drift and poor vaccine matching, we strictly assess the current status of commercial multivalent inactivated vaccines and recent advances in empty capsid subunit vaccine technologies. Comparative evaluation of these strategies underlines the need for enhanced molecular surveillance and rational vaccine optimization to mitigate the ongoing spread of SAT-type FMDV.