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<p>Stepwise pancreatic β-cell differentiation protocols, designed to recapitulate key developmental milestones of pancreatic organogenesis—from definitive endoderm to mature, glucose-responsive β-cells—draw on insights from both rodent and human developmental biology. These protocols consist of three critical stages: the formation of definitive endoderm, the induction of pancreatic progenitors, and the maturation of functional β-cells. Here, we discuss human and rodent embryonic development together with stem-cell differentiation protocols in concert to identify gaps and bottlenecks that limit the practicality and scalability of current protocols. Ultimately, the aim of refining these processes is to produce functional β-cells from pluripotent stem cells to treat, and potentially cure, diabetes.</p>

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Comparative β-cell development: insights from Rodents, humans and induced pluripotent stem cell models

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月18日

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  • Radwan Darwish,
  • Yasmine Alcibahy,
  • Manjula Nandakumar,
  • Alexandra E. Butler,
  • Abu Saleh Md Moin

摘要

Stepwise pancreatic β-cell differentiation protocols, designed to recapitulate key developmental milestones of pancreatic organogenesis—from definitive endoderm to mature, glucose-responsive β-cells—draw on insights from both rodent and human developmental biology. These protocols consist of three critical stages: the formation of definitive endoderm, the induction of pancreatic progenitors, and the maturation of functional β-cells. Here, we discuss human and rodent embryonic development together with stem-cell differentiation protocols in concert to identify gaps and bottlenecks that limit the practicality and scalability of current protocols. Ultimately, the aim of refining these processes is to produce functional β-cells from pluripotent stem cells to treat, and potentially cure, diabetes.