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Background <p>Osteocytes, the most abundant cells embedded in bone, possess extensive cytoplasmic extensions that form a complex network facilitating direct communication among osteocytes and with other effector cells in the bone and bone marrow. The mechanisms underlying osteocyte dendrite formation during “osteocytogenesis” remain poorly understood. MicroRNAs play a crucial role in regulating bone homeostasis.</p> Methods <p>To induce osteoporosis, bilateral ovariectomy was performed on 8-week-old female C57BL/6J mice of both wild-type (WT) and <i>miR-185</i> knockout (KO) genotypes. Ploton silver staining was used to visualize the effects of <i>miR-185</i> KO on the osteocyte lacunar-canalicular network (LCN), while micro-computed tomography assessed bone microstructure. Bone biomechanical properties were evaluated via three-point bending tests. To investigate the mechanisms by which <i>miR-185</i> regulates osteocyte LCN, <i>miR-185</i> KO MLO-Y4 cells were generated using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Bioinformatics analysis, Western blotting and dual-luciferase reporter assays were used to identify the target gene of <i>miR-185</i>. Co-immunoprecipitation and GST pull-down experiments were utilized to validate the interacting partner of target gene. The levels of pathway-related molecules and the activation of downstream signaling were examined using cell surface protein biotinylation, Western blotting and Lysosome immunoprecipitation. The role of <i>miR-185</i> KO in osteocyte-mediated regulation of osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation was evaluated using ALP staining, alizarin red staining and TRAP staining.</p> Results <p>In this study, we demonstrated that dendrite formation and osteocyte connectivity were significantly enhanced in <i>miR-185</i> KO ovariectomized (OVX) mice. Furthermore, both bone quality and mass were improved in <i>miR-185</i> KO OVX mice. In <i>miR-185</i> KO MLO-Y4 cells, we observed similar osteocyte morphology change. We identified <i>Arl8b</i>, a small GTP-binding protein that promotes lysosomal anterograde trafficking, as a target gene of <i>miR-185</i>. Knockdown of <i>Arl8b</i> significantly inhibited the enhanced dendritic process formation phenotype observed in <i>miR-185</i> KO cells. Additionally, we discovered that RAB5A is a novel interacting protein of ARL8B. Downregulation of RAB5A similarly impaired osteocyte connectivity, suggesting a functional interaction between ARL8B and RAB5A. Further studies revealed that knockdown <i>Arl8b</i> suppressed RAB5A-mediated ITGB1 endosomal recycling, promoted its entry into lysosomes, reduced ITGB1 expression, inhibited FAK activation, and consequently diminished osteocyte dendritic process formation. Moreover, it was observed that the culture supernatant from <i>miR-185</i> KO MLO-Y4 cells enhanced osteoblast mineralization and inhibited osteoclast differentiation.</p> Conclusions <p>This study elucidates the mechanism of <i>miR-185</i> in regulating osteocyte LCN and its involvement in estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis progression, identifying novel therapeutic targets and informing potential intervention strategies for skeletal disorders.</p> Graphical abstract <p>The knockout of <i>miR-185</i> upregulates ARL8B expression, enhances the interaction between ARL8B and RAB5A, and promotes endosomal recycling of ITGB1. This process suppresses ITGB1 entry into lysosomes, thereby maintaining ITGB1 protein levels and activating the ITGB1-FAK signaling pathway. Furthermore, it preserves the dendritic morphology of osteocytes, mitigates estrogen deficiency-induced damage to the osteocyte lacunar-canalicular network, and enhances bone mechanical properties. Additionally, <i>miR-185</i>-deficient osteocytes inhibit osteoclast differentiation and promote osteoblast mineralization by secreting key regulatory molecules, disrupting bone coupling and attenuating estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss.</p> <p></p>

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Depletion of mmu-miR-185 enhances osteocyte connectivity and suppresses bone fragility through the interaction between ARL8B and RAB5A

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月29日

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  • Yaqi Cui,
  • Bao Hai,
  • Xiabing Han,
  • Huijie Leng,
  • Dan He,
  • Yimeng Lu,
  • He Wang,
  • Jian Xu,
  • Hongshan Zhao

摘要

Background

Osteocytes, the most abundant cells embedded in bone, possess extensive cytoplasmic extensions that form a complex network facilitating direct communication among osteocytes and with other effector cells in the bone and bone marrow. The mechanisms underlying osteocyte dendrite formation during “osteocytogenesis” remain poorly understood. MicroRNAs play a crucial role in regulating bone homeostasis.

Methods

To induce osteoporosis, bilateral ovariectomy was performed on 8-week-old female C57BL/6J mice of both wild-type (WT) and miR-185 knockout (KO) genotypes. Ploton silver staining was used to visualize the effects of miR-185 KO on the osteocyte lacunar-canalicular network (LCN), while micro-computed tomography assessed bone microstructure. Bone biomechanical properties were evaluated via three-point bending tests. To investigate the mechanisms by which miR-185 regulates osteocyte LCN, miR-185 KO MLO-Y4 cells were generated using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Bioinformatics analysis, Western blotting and dual-luciferase reporter assays were used to identify the target gene of miR-185. Co-immunoprecipitation and GST pull-down experiments were utilized to validate the interacting partner of target gene. The levels of pathway-related molecules and the activation of downstream signaling were examined using cell surface protein biotinylation, Western blotting and Lysosome immunoprecipitation. The role of miR-185 KO in osteocyte-mediated regulation of osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation was evaluated using ALP staining, alizarin red staining and TRAP staining.

Results

In this study, we demonstrated that dendrite formation and osteocyte connectivity were significantly enhanced in miR-185 KO ovariectomized (OVX) mice. Furthermore, both bone quality and mass were improved in miR-185 KO OVX mice. In miR-185 KO MLO-Y4 cells, we observed similar osteocyte morphology change. We identified Arl8b, a small GTP-binding protein that promotes lysosomal anterograde trafficking, as a target gene of miR-185. Knockdown of Arl8b significantly inhibited the enhanced dendritic process formation phenotype observed in miR-185 KO cells. Additionally, we discovered that RAB5A is a novel interacting protein of ARL8B. Downregulation of RAB5A similarly impaired osteocyte connectivity, suggesting a functional interaction between ARL8B and RAB5A. Further studies revealed that knockdown Arl8b suppressed RAB5A-mediated ITGB1 endosomal recycling, promoted its entry into lysosomes, reduced ITGB1 expression, inhibited FAK activation, and consequently diminished osteocyte dendritic process formation. Moreover, it was observed that the culture supernatant from miR-185 KO MLO-Y4 cells enhanced osteoblast mineralization and inhibited osteoclast differentiation.

Conclusions

This study elucidates the mechanism of miR-185 in regulating osteocyte LCN and its involvement in estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis progression, identifying novel therapeutic targets and informing potential intervention strategies for skeletal disorders.

Graphical abstract

The knockout of miR-185 upregulates ARL8B expression, enhances the interaction between ARL8B and RAB5A, and promotes endosomal recycling of ITGB1. This process suppresses ITGB1 entry into lysosomes, thereby maintaining ITGB1 protein levels and activating the ITGB1-FAK signaling pathway. Furthermore, it preserves the dendritic morphology of osteocytes, mitigates estrogen deficiency-induced damage to the osteocyte lacunar-canalicular network, and enhances bone mechanical properties. Additionally, miR-185-deficient osteocytes inhibit osteoclast differentiation and promote osteoblast mineralization by secreting key regulatory molecules, disrupting bone coupling and attenuating estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss.