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Background <p>Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a rare but potentially fatal reaction to dopamine-blocking agents. Although most commonly associated with prolonged or high-dose antipsychotic use, it can also occur after a single therapeutic dose.</p> Case presentation <p>A 56-year-old Somali man developed acute NMS within hours of receiving a single intramuscular dose of chlorpromazine for agitation, presenting with hyperthermia, severe rigidity, altered mental status, autonomic instability, and markedly elevated creatine kinase levels. Alternative diagnoses were excluded, and prompt discontinuation of chlorpromazine with supportive care and bromocriptine resulted in rapid clinical and biochemical recovery.</p> Conclusion <p>This case highlights that NMS may occur rapidly following a single lowtherapeutic dose of chlorpromazine. Early recognition and timely management are essential for favorable outcomes. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of chlorpromazine-induced NMS from Somalia.</p>

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Neuroleptic malignant syndrome precipitated by chlorpromazine: a case report

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月14日

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  • Abdirahman Abdikadir Osman,
  • Hussein Mahdi Ahmed,
  • Mustafa Abdulrahman Ali,
  • Abdisalam Ismail Hassan,
  • Mustafa Yusuf Ahmed,
  • Ahmed Muhammad Bashir,
  • Mohamed Farah Osman Hidig,
  • Marian Muse Osman

摘要

Background

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a rare but potentially fatal reaction to dopamine-blocking agents. Although most commonly associated with prolonged or high-dose antipsychotic use, it can also occur after a single therapeutic dose.

Case presentation

A 56-year-old Somali man developed acute NMS within hours of receiving a single intramuscular dose of chlorpromazine for agitation, presenting with hyperthermia, severe rigidity, altered mental status, autonomic instability, and markedly elevated creatine kinase levels. Alternative diagnoses were excluded, and prompt discontinuation of chlorpromazine with supportive care and bromocriptine resulted in rapid clinical and biochemical recovery.

Conclusion

This case highlights that NMS may occur rapidly following a single lowtherapeutic dose of chlorpromazine. Early recognition and timely management are essential for favorable outcomes. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of chlorpromazine-induced NMS from Somalia.