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Introduction <p>Nephrotic syndrome refers to a distinct constellation of clinical and laboratory features of renal disease. The majority of cases of glomerular proteinuria range from 1 to 15&#xa0;g of protein per 24&#xa0;hours of urine. Heavy proteinuria of 25.4&#xa0;g with steroid-responsive nephrotic syndrome is a rare clinical presentation of glomerulopathy. This patient presented with a significantly high degree of proteinuria in the context of retroviral infection with steroid-responsive nephrotic syndrome, which is a rare clinical scenario.</p> Case presentation <p>A 52-year-old male patient from Ethiopia with human immunodeficiency virus for the past 13&#xa0;years on antiretroviral therapy with undetectable viral load presented with a 2-year history of intermittent generalized body swelling. Physical examination showed periorbital and facial puffiness, gross ascites, and bilateral lower extremity edema. A 24-hour urine protein determination showed proteinuria of 25.4&#xa0;g, significant hypoalbuminemia, and hypercholesterolemia, and renal biopsy result was in favor of minimal change disease.</p> Conclusion <p>Heavy proteinuria of 25.4&#xa0;g per 24&#xa0;hours is a rare presenting feature of adult primary nephrotic syndrome, specifically minimal change disease.</p>

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Heavy proteinuria of 25.4 g per 24 hours in a 52-year-old patient from Ethiopia with steroid-responsive minimal change disease: a case report

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月31日

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  • Yoseph Gebremedhin Kassie,
  • Aklog Almaw Yigzaw,
  • Mulugeta Wondmu Kedimu,
  • Metages Damtie Melaku,
  • Binyam Melese Getahun

摘要

Introduction

Nephrotic syndrome refers to a distinct constellation of clinical and laboratory features of renal disease. The majority of cases of glomerular proteinuria range from 1 to 15 g of protein per 24 hours of urine. Heavy proteinuria of 25.4 g with steroid-responsive nephrotic syndrome is a rare clinical presentation of glomerulopathy. This patient presented with a significantly high degree of proteinuria in the context of retroviral infection with steroid-responsive nephrotic syndrome, which is a rare clinical scenario.

Case presentation

A 52-year-old male patient from Ethiopia with human immunodeficiency virus for the past 13 years on antiretroviral therapy with undetectable viral load presented with a 2-year history of intermittent generalized body swelling. Physical examination showed periorbital and facial puffiness, gross ascites, and bilateral lower extremity edema. A 24-hour urine protein determination showed proteinuria of 25.4 g, significant hypoalbuminemia, and hypercholesterolemia, and renal biopsy result was in favor of minimal change disease.

Conclusion

Heavy proteinuria of 25.4 g per 24 hours is a rare presenting feature of adult primary nephrotic syndrome, specifically minimal change disease.