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Background <p>The use of in vivo and ex vivo diagnostic tools for delayed hypersensitivity reactions (DHRs) associated with iodinated contrast media (ICM) is currently ill-defined.</p> Objective <p>To evaluate the role of in vivo and ex vivo diagnostic tools for DHRs occurring &gt;6&#xa0;h following intravenous low-osmolality ICM.</p> Methods <p>We conducted a prospective, multicenter, international cohort study. The patients were recruited from two tertiary care adult allergy clinics, Austin Health, Australia and the McGill University Health Centre, Canada. Eligible participants were adults who reported a DHR after receiving ICM. In vivo testing (skin testing and intravenous challenge) was performed to identify an alternative agent. Ex vivo testing using interferon-γ enzyme-linked ImmunoSpot assay was performed in four Australian patients to explore its diagnostic performance.</p> Results <p>The culprit ICM was identified by dIDT in 17/20 (85%) while in 3/20 (15%) a challenge was necessary to confirm delayed hypersensitivity. All patients with a positive dIDT to iohexol were positive to iodixanol (15/15; 100%) while 3/4 (75%), 3/4 (75%), 4/6 (67%), and 3/5 (60%) were positive to iopromide, ioversol, iopamidol, and iobitridol, respectively. Overall, 7/20 (35%) patients tolerated a challenge with an alternative ICM. The IFN-γ release assay was negative for the implicated ICM in 4 patients with confirmed DHR through a positive dIDT.</p> Conclusion <p>dIDT allowed confirmation of T cell-mediated allergy to the implicated ICM in 85% of patients with a strong clinical suspicion of DHR and identification of non-cross-reactive ICM in 35% of patients. The IFN-y ELISpot was not useful in the four patients tested.</p>

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The role of skin testing, drug challenge and IFN-γ ELISpot in delayed hypersensitivity to iodinated contrast media

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月14日

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  • Ana Maria Copaescu,
  • Kyra Y. L. Chua,
  • Effie Mouhtouris,
  • Natasha E. Holmes,
  • Moneerah AlGassim,
  • Ibtihal Al Otaibi,
  • Florian Stehlin,
  • Ghislaine A. C. Isabwe,
  • Christos Tsoukas,
  • Jean-Francois Toupin,
  • Derek Lee,
  • Moshe Ben-Shoshan,
  • Elizabeth J. Phillips,
  • Jason A. Trubiano

摘要

Background

The use of in vivo and ex vivo diagnostic tools for delayed hypersensitivity reactions (DHRs) associated with iodinated contrast media (ICM) is currently ill-defined.

Objective

To evaluate the role of in vivo and ex vivo diagnostic tools for DHRs occurring >6 h following intravenous low-osmolality ICM.

Methods

We conducted a prospective, multicenter, international cohort study. The patients were recruited from two tertiary care adult allergy clinics, Austin Health, Australia and the McGill University Health Centre, Canada. Eligible participants were adults who reported a DHR after receiving ICM. In vivo testing (skin testing and intravenous challenge) was performed to identify an alternative agent. Ex vivo testing using interferon-γ enzyme-linked ImmunoSpot assay was performed in four Australian patients to explore its diagnostic performance.

Results

The culprit ICM was identified by dIDT in 17/20 (85%) while in 3/20 (15%) a challenge was necessary to confirm delayed hypersensitivity. All patients with a positive dIDT to iohexol were positive to iodixanol (15/15; 100%) while 3/4 (75%), 3/4 (75%), 4/6 (67%), and 3/5 (60%) were positive to iopromide, ioversol, iopamidol, and iobitridol, respectively. Overall, 7/20 (35%) patients tolerated a challenge with an alternative ICM. The IFN-γ release assay was negative for the implicated ICM in 4 patients with confirmed DHR through a positive dIDT.

Conclusion

dIDT allowed confirmation of T cell-mediated allergy to the implicated ICM in 85% of patients with a strong clinical suspicion of DHR and identification of non-cross-reactive ICM in 35% of patients. The IFN-y ELISpot was not useful in the four patients tested.