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Background <p>Saponins, a diverse group of glycosylated triterpenoid and steroid compounds produced by plants, exhibit potent insecticidal activity and are promising candidates for sustainable pest management. However, their potential persistence in soil raises concerns about ecological impacts, highlighting the need to understand microbial degradation rates and pathways of these compounds.</p> Results <p>This study reports the isolation of <i>Arthrobacter</i> sp. α11c, and its ability of fully degrading the two hederagenin-based pentacyclic triterpenoid saponins, α-hederin and hederacoside C, as well as the corresponding sapogenin hederagenin. All three compounds were fully metabolized within six hours when provided as carbon source. Fractionation experiments confirmed intracellular uptake and degradation of the saponins.</p> <p>Genome analysis of <i>Arthrobacter</i> α11c revealed multiple putative glycosidase genes. Culturing <i>Arthrobacter</i> α11c with α-hederin, hederacoside C, and the corresponding sapogenin hederagenin did, however, not induce glucosidase activity of the strain. Comparative genomics between <i>Arthrobacter</i> α11c and <i>Arthrobacter</i> sp. α12b, a closely related strain unable to degrade saponins, revealed two unique glycosidase gene clusters in <i>Arthrobacter</i> α11c, suggesting a role in adaptation to saponin metabolism.</p> Conclusions <p>These findings enhance our understanding of bacterial degradation of plant triterpenoid saponins and provide a foundation for evaluating their environmental fate. This knowledge supports the safe and sustainable use of saponin-based biopesticides in agriculture by identifying microbial partners that contribute to their breakdown in soil ecosystems.</p>

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Degradation of biopesticidal triterpenoid saponins by the soil bacterium Arthrobacter sp. α-11c

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月10日

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  • Kitzia Y. Molina-Zamudio,
  • Malbor Dervishi,
  • Chen Wang,
  • Marco Rami,
  • Patrick Denis Browne,
  • Hans Christian Bruun Hansen,
  • Søren Bak,
  • Mette Haubjerg Nicolaisen

摘要

Background

Saponins, a diverse group of glycosylated triterpenoid and steroid compounds produced by plants, exhibit potent insecticidal activity and are promising candidates for sustainable pest management. However, their potential persistence in soil raises concerns about ecological impacts, highlighting the need to understand microbial degradation rates and pathways of these compounds.

Results

This study reports the isolation of Arthrobacter sp. α11c, and its ability of fully degrading the two hederagenin-based pentacyclic triterpenoid saponins, α-hederin and hederacoside C, as well as the corresponding sapogenin hederagenin. All three compounds were fully metabolized within six hours when provided as carbon source. Fractionation experiments confirmed intracellular uptake and degradation of the saponins.

Genome analysis of Arthrobacter α11c revealed multiple putative glycosidase genes. Culturing Arthrobacter α11c with α-hederin, hederacoside C, and the corresponding sapogenin hederagenin did, however, not induce glucosidase activity of the strain. Comparative genomics between Arthrobacter α11c and Arthrobacter sp. α12b, a closely related strain unable to degrade saponins, revealed two unique glycosidase gene clusters in Arthrobacter α11c, suggesting a role in adaptation to saponin metabolism.

Conclusions

These findings enhance our understanding of bacterial degradation of plant triterpenoid saponins and provide a foundation for evaluating their environmental fate. This knowledge supports the safe and sustainable use of saponin-based biopesticides in agriculture by identifying microbial partners that contribute to their breakdown in soil ecosystems.