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Objective <p>The quantitative determination of fluoride ions is important for water quality monitoring and public health. This study aimed to develop a simple and simultaneous multi-sample digital colorimetric method for fluoride determination using a 96-well plate and a flatbed scanner, without requiring conventional analytical instruments.</p> Results <p>Fluoride solutions were color-developed using Alfusone reagent in a 96-well plate and scanned with a flatbed scanner. Color information was extracted from the scanned images and analyzed using red-green-blue (RGB), cyan-magenta-yellow-key (CMYK), hue-saturation-value (HSV), CIE XYZ, and CIELAB parameters. Among the evaluated parameters, the HSV H parameter showed the lowest limit of detection and limit of quantification of 0.086 and 0.29&#xa0;mg/L, respectively. The CIELAB b* parameter showed the lowest values among the evaluated CIELAB parameters, with a limit of detection and limit of quantification of 0.19 and 0.64&#xa0;mg/L, respectively. These values were below the World Health Organization guideline value for fluoride and the Japanese drinking water quality standard. Spike-and-recovery tests using bottled and tap water showed that the R and a* parameters provided recoveries closer to 100% than b*. The method offers a simple, attachment-free approach that enables simultaneous analysis of multiple samples and calibration standards using commercially available reagents and office automation equipment.</p>

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A simple scanner-based colorimetric method for fluoride determination using Alfusone reagent

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月26日

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  • Masahide Hagiri,
  • Shion Nomura,
  • Erika Fukasawa,
  • Takeshi Kato,
  • Atsushi Manaka

摘要

Objective

The quantitative determination of fluoride ions is important for water quality monitoring and public health. This study aimed to develop a simple and simultaneous multi-sample digital colorimetric method for fluoride determination using a 96-well plate and a flatbed scanner, without requiring conventional analytical instruments.

Results

Fluoride solutions were color-developed using Alfusone reagent in a 96-well plate and scanned with a flatbed scanner. Color information was extracted from the scanned images and analyzed using red-green-blue (RGB), cyan-magenta-yellow-key (CMYK), hue-saturation-value (HSV), CIE XYZ, and CIELAB parameters. Among the evaluated parameters, the HSV H parameter showed the lowest limit of detection and limit of quantification of 0.086 and 0.29 mg/L, respectively. The CIELAB b* parameter showed the lowest values among the evaluated CIELAB parameters, with a limit of detection and limit of quantification of 0.19 and 0.64 mg/L, respectively. These values were below the World Health Organization guideline value for fluoride and the Japanese drinking water quality standard. Spike-and-recovery tests using bottled and tap water showed that the R and a* parameters provided recoveries closer to 100% than b*. The method offers a simple, attachment-free approach that enables simultaneous analysis of multiple samples and calibration standards using commercially available reagents and office automation equipment.